Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences

Hendry, Andrew P.; Gotanda, Kiyoko M.; Svensson, Erik I.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0028

Cited by 223 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Because human-dominated landscapes generate intense and novel selection pressures on very short spatial and temporal scales, urban areas provide a powerful system to monitor evolutionary trait change and the reciprocal interplay with ecological dynamics across taxa [19][20][21][22]. Cities differ from rural areas in hydrology, atmospheric chemistry, microclimate, nutrient concentrations, land use and vegetation cover [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-evolutionary dynamics in urbanized landscapes: evolution, species sorting and the change in zooplankton body size along urbanization gradients

Brans¹,

Govaert²,

Engelen³

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 18 to a theme issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'. Urbanization causes both changes in community composition and evolutionary responses, but most studies focus on these responses in isolation. We performed an integrated analysis assessing the relative contribution of intra-and interspecific trait turnover to the observed change in zooplankton community body size in 83 cladoceran communities along urbanization gradients quantified at seven spatial scales (50-3200 m radii). We also performed a quantitative genetic analysis on 12 Daphnia magna populations along the same urbanization gradient. Body size in zooplankton communities generally declined with increasing urbanization, but the opposite was observed for communities dominated by large species. The contribution of intraspecific trait variation to community body size turnover with urbanization strongly varied with the spatial scale considered, and was highest for communities dominated by large cladoceran species and at intermediate spatial scales. Genotypic size at maturity was smaller for urban than for rural D. magna populations and for animals cultured at 248C compared with 208C. While local genetic adaptation likely contributed to the persistence of D. magna in the urban heat islands, buffering for the phenotypic shift to larger body sizes with increasing urbanization, community body size turnover was mainly driven by non-genetic intraspecific trait change.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-evolutionary dynamics in urbanized landscapes: evolution, species sorting and the change in zooplankton body size along urbanization gradients

Brans¹,

Govaert²,

Engelen³

et al. 2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…It is commonly assumed that the novelty of the urban environmental features induces new and strong selection pressures providing the potential for rapid trait change (Markó et al, 2013;Alberti, 2015;Hendry et al, 2017). However, direct empirical measures of urban natural selection remain scarce (but see e.g., the emblematic peppered moth case, Cook and Saccheri, 2013).…”

Section: Plastic Vs Genetic Origin and Adaptive Nature Of Divergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization Is Associated with Divergence in Pace-of-Life in Great Tits

et al. 2017

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As an extension of the classic life history theory, the recently highlighted pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis predicts the coevolution of behavioral, physiological and life-history traits. For instance, bolder and shyer individuals do not only differ in personality profiles, but also in neuro-endocrinology and breeding patterns. While theory predicts that bolder (i.e., proactive), more aggressive individuals should colonize more rapidly urbanized habitats than shyer (i.e., reactive), less aggressive individuals, it is also predicted that across generations, adaptive selection processes could favor shyer individuals that are more sensitive to novel environmental cues. Here we compared two personality traits (handling aggression, exploration score in a novel environment), one physiological trait related to stress response (breath rate) and four breeding traits (lay date, clutch size, hatching success and fledging success) in a rural and an urban study population of Mediterranean great tits Parus major. Mixed models revealed strong phenotypic divergence between forest and city in most traits explored, in particular in personality, whereby urban great tits were more reactive to stress and faster explorers compared to rural birds (yet not more aggressive). Urban birds also laid smaller broods earlier in spring compared to their rural conspecifics, and city broods resulted in lower hatching success yet interestingly fledging success was similar. Nest-box centered measures of anthropogenic (artificial light, pedestrians, and cars) perturbation and resource abundance allowed us to go beyond the classical forest/city comparison by exploring the phenotypic variation across an urbanization gradient. This revealed that high urbanization in nest-box surroundings was associated overall with earlier breeding and smaller clutches, but also with faster breath rate, although these trends showed strong annual variation. Ongoing rapid urbanization and non-random gene flow between rural and urban great tits could both contribute to the high prevalence of bold breeders in the city. Our study suggests the existence of urban and rural great tit ecotypes with different pace-of-life, but also a finer-scale divergence along the degree of urbanization within the city. Future studies are required to determine whether this phenotypic variation at different spatiotemporal scales is adaptive and whether it has a genetic basis or results from phenotypic plasticity.

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“…The increasing attention in the literature given to the need for evolutionarily enlightened management, and the potential reasons for this slow uptake have helped raise awareness of this problem in conservation biology (Hendry, Gotanda, & Svensson, 2017). However, moving beyond the current speculation requires a clear understanding of the scale of the problem, quantifying the degree to which different evolutionary concepts are being integrated into management practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding managers’ and scientists’ perspectives on opportunities to achieve more evolutionarily enlightened management in conservation

Cook

Sgrò

2018

Evolutionary Applications

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Despite wide acceptance that conservation could benefit from greater attention to principles and processes from evolutionary biology, little attention has been given to quantifying the degree to which relevant evolutionary concepts are being integrated into management practices. There has also been increasing discussion of the potential reasons for a lack of evolutionarily enlightened management, but no attempts to understand the challenges from the perspective of those making management decisions. In this study, we asked conservation managers and scientists for their views on the importance of a range of key evolutionary concepts, the degree to which these concepts are being integrated into management, and what would need to change to support better integration into management practices. We found that while managers recognize the importance of a wide range of evolutionary concepts for conservation outcomes, they acknowledge these concepts are rarely incorporated into management. Managers and scientists were in strong agreement about the range of barriers that need to be overcome, with a lack of knowledge reported as the most important barrier to better integration of evolutionary biology into conservation decision‐making. Although managers tended to be more focused on the need for more training in evolutionary biology, scientists reported greater engagement between managers and evolutionary biologists as most important to achieve the necessary change. Nevertheless, the challenges appear to be multifaceted, and several are outside the control of managers, suggesting solutions will need to be multidimensional.

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Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences

Cited by 223 publications

References 141 publications

Eco-evolutionary dynamics in urbanized landscapes: evolution, species sorting and the change in zooplankton body size along urbanization gradients

Eco-evolutionary dynamics in urbanized landscapes: evolution, species sorting and the change in zooplankton body size along urbanization gradients

Urbanization Is Associated with Divergence in Pace-of-Life in Great Tits

Understanding managers’ and scientists’ perspectives on opportunities to achieve more evolutionarily enlightened management in conservation

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