Human infection with giardia lamblia

Webster, B. H.

doi:10.1007/bf02231310

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Besides the confirmation and knowledge extension of previously published results for this geographic area, we also document the relevance of infection-related inflammation as important factor for the occurrence of IDA anaemia, apart from malaria. Regarding the non-malarial parasites studied here, the literature mentions an "immune activation" effect mainly for Schistosome and Giardia infections [56][57][58][59]. Nevertheless, it should be considered that other infections, not studied here, could also be contributing to the occurrence of infectionrelated inflammation (such as HIV, tuberculosis and other tropical enteropathies), and consequently to anaemia [16,52,60].…”

Section: Prevalence Of Anaemiamentioning

confidence: 94%

Iron deficiency anaemia among 6-to-36-month children from northern Angola

Fançony

Soares²,

Lavinha

et al. 2020

BMC Pediatr

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Background: Angola is one of the southern African countries with the highest prevalence of anaemia. Identifying anaemia determinants is an important step for the design of evidence-based control strategies. In this study, we aim at documenting the factors associated with Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) in 948 children recruited at the Health Research Center of Angola study area during 2015. Methods: Data on demographic, socioeconomic and parental practices regarding water, sanitation, hygiene, malaria infection and infant and young child feeding were collected, as well as parasitological, biochemical and molecular data. Total and age-stratified multivariate multinomial regression models were fitted to estimate the magnitude of associations between anaemia and its determinants. Results: Anaemia was found in 44.4% of children, of which 46.0% had IDA. Overall, regression models associated IDA with age, gender and inflammation and non-IDA with age, zinc deficiency and overload, P. falciparum infection, sickle cell trait/anaemia. Among 6-to-23-month-old children IDA was associated with continued breastfeeding and among 24-to-36-month-old children IDA was associated with stunting. Furthermore, zinc deficiency was associated with non-IDA among both age groups children. Inflammation was associated with IDA and non-IDA in either 6-to-23 and 24-to-36 months old children. Conclusion: The main variables associated with IDA and non-IDA within this geographic setting were commonly reported in Africa, but not specifically associated with anaemia. Additionally, the associations of anaemia with inflammation, zinc deficiency and infections could be suggesting the occurrence of nutritional immunity and should be further investigated. In age groups, zinc overload was observed to protect under 6 months children from Non-IDA, while continued breastfeeding was associated with increased IDA prevalence in 6-to-23 months children, and stunting was suggested to increase the odds of IDA in 24-to-36 month children. This site-specific aetiology profile provides an essential first set of evidences able to inform the planification of preventive and corrective actions/programs. Nevertheless, regional and country representative data is needed.

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Section: Prevalence Of Anaemiamentioning

confidence: 94%

Iron deficiency anaemia among 6-to-36-month children from northern Angola

Fançony

Soares²,

Lavinha

et al. 2020

BMC Pediatr

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“…The chronic infection in children could be manifested with slowed growth (Burke, 1975;Craft, 1982). Urticaria (Webster, 1958), cholecystitis (Soto & Dreiling, 1977) and pancreatitis (Kosyarska, 1977) have been also reported in giardiasis. Rare symptoms may include arthritis (Shaw & Stevens, 1987), retinal arteritis and iridocyclitis (Knox & King, 1982) that resolve after specific anti-Giardia treatment.…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giardia and Giardiasis

2017

Frontiers in Parasitology

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The review summarizes the information related to contemporary taxonomy of species within the Giardia genus. The established genotypes of Giardia duodenalis are presented. Data from research carried out on the main aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of giardiasis in humans and animals are analyzed. The major subjects of interest for future investigations are outlined.

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“…G. muris infections in adult, immunocompetent mice are self-limiting, as are most human infections with G. lamblia (115,119), making this model a valuable tool to define immune defenses against Giardia (41). However, some individuals (142) and immunodeficient mice (118,119) have prolonged infections, presumably because of antigenic variation (91). Although many studies were performed with the murine parasite, there are several disadvantages in using G. muris: It cannot be grown in vitro, it does not infect humans, and, until recently, it was unknown if it also undergoes antigenic variation (120).…”

Section: Antigenic Variation In Vivo and Host Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Antigenic Variation inGiardia lamblia

Prucca

Rivero

Luján

2011

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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Antigenic variation, a clonal phenotypic variation developed by microorganisms, involves the permanent switching of homologous, antigenically different cell surface molecules. In pathogenic microorganisms, antigenic variation is often described as a mechanism to evade the host immune system and therefore is responsible for the generation of chronic and/or recurrent infections. However, antigenic variation has also been involved in expanding host diversity and differential courses of the diseases. The intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia undergoes antigenic variation through the continuous exchange of approximately 200 variant-specific surface proteins. Here we review the principal issues regarding the significance of antigenic variation during Giardia infections, the particular features of the variant-specific surface proteins, and the current knowledge on the mechanisms that regulate this process, as well as the relevance of disrupting antigenic variation as a novel approach to design effective antiparasitic vaccines.

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Human infection with giardia lamblia

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Iron deficiency anaemia among 6-to-36-month children from northern Angola

Iron deficiency anaemia among 6-to-36-month children from northern Angola

Giardia and Giardiasis

Regulation of Antigenic Variation inGiardia lamblia

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