Human infection with an avian influenza A/H9N2 virus in Guangdong in 2016

Yuan, Runyu; Liang, Lijun; Wu, Jie; Kang, Yinfeng; Song, Yan; Zou, Lirong; Zhang, Xin; Ni, Hanzhong; Ke, Changwen

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2017.01.003

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The seroprevalence for G9- and G1-like H9N2 antibodies among occupationally exposed populations in Southern China emphasized the high incidence rate of subclinical human infections with both prevalent H9N2 lineages [ 137 ]. Moreover, in different geographical locations, H9N2 IAVs have crossed the species barrier due to their mammalian-like characteristics, causing mild to moderate infections [ 135 , 138 , 139 ]. Globally, since March 2013, a total of 27 laboratory confirmed human clinical infections were reported in three hotspots of human AIV infections (21 cases in China, 4 cases in Egypt, and 2 cases in Bangladesh) ( Figure 4 ) [ 92 ].…”

Section: Evolution and Epidemiology Of Iavmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… H9N2-type influenza A viruses donate their internal genes to other IAVs. Recent studies revealed the contribution of the internal genes of H9N2 in the genesis of various, recently evolved AIV strains with zoonotic potential [ 135 , 138 , 139 ]. Poultry (chicken pictogram) served as mixing hosts for emergence of these influenza reassortants, which are then transmitted naturally to humans (human pictogram), or evaluated experimentally in ferrets (ferret pictogram), leading to infections/deaths.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Zoonotic Potential of Influenza A Viruses: A Comprehensive Overview

Mostafa

Mettenleiter

et al. 2018

Viruses

202

221

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) possess a great zoonotic potential as they are able to infect different avian and mammalian animal hosts, from which they can be transmitted to humans. This is based on the ability of IAV to gradually change their genome by mutation or even reassemble their genome segments during co-infection of the host cell with different IAV strains, resulting in a high genetic diversity. Variants of circulating or newly emerging IAVs continue to trigger global health threats annually for both humans and animals. Here, we provide an introduction on IAVs, highlighting the mechanisms of viral evolution, the host spectrum, and the animal/human interface. Pathogenicity determinants of IAVs in mammals, with special emphasis on newly emerging IAVs with pandemic potential, are discussed. Finally, an overview is provided on various approaches for the prevention of human IAV infections.

show abstract

Section: Evolution and Epidemiology Of Iavmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Potential of Influenza A Viruses: A Comprehensive Overview

Mostafa

Mettenleiter

et al. 2018

Viruses

202

221

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among them, currently, H5N1, H5N6, H9N2, and H7N9 AIVs are the most prevalent subtypes in many Chinese regions [105,106]. It is noteworthy that all these subtypes not only cause substantial economic losses to poultry farming but also pose a potential threat to public health [106][107][108][109][110][111][112]. To find potential clues about the various effects of PA-X on the modulation of viral virulence, we systematically analyzed the PA-X polymorphisms in four prevalent AIV subtypes.…”

Section: Polymorphism In Pa-x In Influenza Viruses As a Threat To Pubmentioning

confidence: 99%

PA-X: a key regulator of influenza A virus pathogenicity and host immune responses

Liu

2018

Med Microbiol Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PA-X, a fusion protein belonging to influenza A viruses (IAVs), integrating the N-terminal 191 amino acids of PA gene and the ribosomal frame-shifting product that lengthens out to 41 or 61 amino acids. Since its discovery in 2012, multiple functions have been attributed to this small protein, including a process, where wide-spread protein synthesis in infected host cells is shut down (called host shutoff), and viral replication, polymerase activity, viral-induced cell apoptosis, PA nuclear localization, and virulence are modulated. However, many of its proposed functions may be specific to strain, subtype, host, or cell line. In this review, we start by describing the well-defined global host-shutoff ability of PA-X and the potential mechanisms underlying it. We move on to the role played by PA-X in modulating innate and acquired immune responses in the host. We then systematically discuss the role played by PA-X in modulating the virulence of influenza viruses of different subtypes and host origins, and finish with a general overview of the research advances made in identifying the host cell partners that interact with PA-X. To uncover possible clues about the differential effects of PA-X in modulating viral virulence, we focus on systemically evaluating polymorphisms in PA-X from various viral subtypes and hosts, including avian and human H5N1, H5N6, H9N2, and H7N9 viruses. Finally, we conclude with a proposition regarding the possible future research directions for this important protein.

show abstract

“…The unpredictable, continuous and rapid mutational potential of influenza viruses poses a serious threat to global health security with a possibility of pandemics at any time [4]. The zoonotic strains of influenza such as influenza A(H5N1) first detected in humans in 1997 in Hong Kong and then reported widespread globally since 2003, A(H7N9) reported in humans since 2013 in China and A(H9N2) reported for decades to be circulating in poultry and recently reported in humans, are strong evidence of these mutational capabilities; [5][6][7][8]. Therefore, influenza surveillance is essential to monitor and rapidly detect the circulation of different influenza viruses and the emergence of genetic changes in these viruses in humans and animals [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%