Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell and Nanotechnology-Based Therapeutics

Abstract

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state and can provide promising medical applications, such as diagnosis, prognosis, drug screening for therapeutical development, and monitoring disease progression. Despite myriad advances, traditional viral-based reprogramming for generating hiPSCs has safety risks that hinder further practical applications of hiPSCs. In the past decade, nonviral-based reprogramming has been used as an alternative to produce hiPSCs and enhance their differentiation. In addition, the efficiency of nonviral-based reprogramming is generally poor, compared to that of viral-based reprogramming. Recent studies in nanoscale-structured particles have made progress in addressing many applications of hiPSCs for clinical practice. The combination of hiPSCs and nanotechnology will actually act as the therapeutic platform for personalized medicine and can be the remedies against various diseases in the future. In this article, we review recent advances in cellular reprogramming and hiPSC-related research, such as cell source, delivery system, and direct reprogramming, as well as some of its potential clinical applications, including mitochondrial and retinal disease. We also briefly summarize the current incorporation of nanotechnology in patient-specific hiPSCs for future treatments.

Induced pluripotent stem cells reduce neutrophil chemotaxis via activating GRK2 in endotoxin‐induced acute lung injury

“…We successfully established miPSCs 17,19,20,25 and hiPSCs 26 in our previous studies. Here, we generated miPSCs from MEFs and hiPSCs from human skin fibroblasts.…”

Nanotopography-Induced Structural Anisotropy and Sarcomere Development in Human Cardiomyocytes Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

“…1–4 However, a technical limitation in the application of these hiPSC-derived cardiac cultures is that the cardiomyocytes are phenotypically immature compared to those present in the adult heart. 5 Immature structural, metabolic, and/or functional phenotypes reduce the effectiveness of stem cell-derived cardiac technologies because the engineered tissue is a poor representation of the mature myocardium.…”

Conductive silk–polypyrrole composite scaffolds with bioinspired nanotopographic cues for cardiac tissue engineering

“…Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) offer tremendous potential for the generation of human cardiac tissues for in vitro drug-screening and disease modeling applications, as well as for in vivo therapies such as those for myocardial infarcts. 35–38 However, one of the greatest limitations in using these cells is that they are often phenotypically deficient post-differentiation, resulting in tissues that are not sufficiently representative of the adult human myocardium. 39, 40 A primary cause of this observed shortcoming in cultured hPSC-CMs is that conventional cell culture platforms do not fully recapitulate the variety of cues cardiomyocytes are exposed to in their native tissue niche, and the development of new methods that incorporate multiple tissue-specific stimuli remains challenging.…”