Human Immunoglobulin D: Genomic Sequence of the Delta Heavy Chain

White, Marga B.; Shen, Anna L.; Word, Charlotte J.; Tucker, Philip W.; Blattner, Frederick R.

doi:10.1126/science.3922054

Cited by 69 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As shown in Fig. 1B, these results support the homology of catfish ␦1 with the ␦1 domains of both mouse (11) and human (12), the homology of the catfish ␦5 domain with the human ␦2 domain (the mouse lacks ␦2) and the homology of catfish ␦6 with the ␦3 domains of both mouse and human.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The sequences used were from the following database entries: for , U27213 (duck); X68700 (axolotl); M20484, JO3631 (frog); K00389 (chicken); X14940 (human); J00443, V00822, V00823 (mouse); J00666 (rabbit); X13920 (shrew); M92050 (pig); X59994, S40921 (sheep); U12456 (bowfin); U12455 (gar); X79482, M27230 (catfish); X58870 (cod); S63348, X65261 (trout); S48652 (salmon); M26182 (ladyfish); X07782, Y00840 (shark); M29679, M35185 (skate): for ␣, S40610 (chicken); U27222 (duck); X15045 (gorilla); U12594 (pig); V00785 (mouse); X82116 (rabbit): for ␥, U03781 (pig); X69797 (sheep); J00453 (mouse); X03604, M12958 (human): for , X65219 (duck); X07174 (chicken); X69492 (axolotl); X15114 (frog): for , U15150 (horse); J00476 (mouse); M84356 (sheep): for NAR, U18701: for NARC, U551450: for , U40560: for skate IgX H chains, M29672, M35185: for frog IgX H chain, X13779: for catfish ␦, U67437. The sequence of dog was from McCumber and Capra (22), the sequence of human ␣2 from Flanagan et al (23), the sequence of mouse ␦ from Tucker et al (11), and the sequence of human ␦ from White et al (12).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, IgD is a class of antibody that is considered to have evolved relatively recently, having been described only in primates and rodents (7)(8)(9)(10). Although the function, biochemistry and genetics of IgD have been the subject of intense interest (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) gene targeting (knockout) experiments revealed that IgD had a relatively minor functional role in immune responses in the mouse (18,19). We report here the results of studies that identify a complex homolog of the IgD heavy (H) (␦) chain in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A novel chimeric Ig heavy chain from a teleost fish shares similarities to IgD

Wilson

Bengtén

Miller

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

304

201

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IgD is considered to be a recently evolved Ig, being previously found only in primates and rodents. Here we describe, from a teleost fish (the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus), a novel complex chimeric Ig heavy chain, homologous, in part, to the heavy chain (␦) of IgD. In addition to alternative secretory or membrane-associated C termini, this chimeric molecule contains a rearranged variable domain, the first constant domain of , and seven constant domains encoded by a ␦ gene homolog. Identification of the catfish gene as ␦ is based on the following properties: sequence relatedness to mammalian ␦; a location within the IgH locus that is immediately downstream of the gene; separate terminal exons for the secretory and membrane forms; coexpression with the complete chain in some but not all B cells. These results (i) suggest that IgD is an ancient immunoglobulin that was present in vertebrates ancestral to both the mammals and the ray-finned fishes, and (ii) raise the possibility that this Ig isotype may have served an as yet unidentified important function early in the evolution of the immune system.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A novel chimeric Ig heavy chain from a teleost fish shares similarities to IgD

Wilson

Bengtén

Miller

et al. 1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

304

201

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Two of them are used to generate membrane (␦m) and secreted (␦s) transcripts, respectively (3,4). This is highly unusual, because the cDNA encoding both the membrane and secreted forms of the Ig H chain originate from the transcription of a single constant region gene through alternative RNA splicing in all known mammalian ␦ genes (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Porcine Ig δ Gene: Unique Chimeric Splicing of the First Constant Region Domain in its Heavy Chain Transcripts

Zhao

Pan‐Hammarström

Kacskovıcs

et al. 2003

The Journal of Immunology

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The pig δ gene is located ∼3.4 kb downstream of the second transmembrane exon of the μ gene and shows a similar genomic structure to its counterpart in cow with three exons encoding the CH1, CH2, and CH3 domains. The porcine genomic δCH1 exon has been replaced by a recent duplication of the μCH1 and its flanking sequences, a genetic event that also led to the formation of a short switch δ region, immediately upstream of the δ gene. The δCH1 exhibits a 98.7% similarity (314 of 318 bp) to the μCH1 at the DNA level, whereas the homologies between the δCH2 and μCH3, and the δCH3 and μCH4 are only 33.3 and 35.8%, respectively. Either of the two CH1 exons (μ and δ) could be observed in the expressed porcine IgD H chain cDNA sequences VDJ-μCH1-H-δCH2-δCH3 or VDJ-δCH1-H-δCH2-δCH3, showing a pattern that has not been observed previously in vertebrates. In addition, transfection of a human B cell line, using artificial constructs resembling the porcine Cμ-Cδ locus, also generated both VDJ-μCH1-δCH1-H1-δCH2 and VDJ -δCH1-H1-δCH2 transcripts. An examination of the pig δ genomic sequence shows a putative, second hinge region-encoding exon. Due to the lack of a normal branchpoint sequence for RNA splicing, this exon is not present in the normal pig δ cDNA. However, the exon could be spliced into most of the expressed transcripts in vitro in cell transfection experiments after introduction of a single T nucleotide to restore the branchpoint sequence upstream of the putative H2 exon.

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“…Pseudogenes have been found in the human but not in the mouse Ig heavy chain gene cluster. Extensive divergence between mouse and human sequences has been reported for the JH cluster, for C8, and for C, (3,5,6). Comparison of hinge exons (C. 8,Cas) shows length heterogeneity, but less divergence has been found for other Ig domains (7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of the rat: striking homology to mouse antibody genes.

Brüggemann¹,

Free²,

Diamond³

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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DNA encoding the rat diversity segment (D), joining segment (JH), and constant (C) region mu, gamma 2a, gamma 1, gamma 2b, epsilon and alpha of the Ig heavy chain has been isolated from a cosmid library. Restriction mapping allowed us to identify two gene clusters: D-JH-C mu and C gamma 1-C gamma 2b-C epsilon-C alpha in addition to a single C gamma 2a gene. Analysis of genomic DNA by Southern blotting permitted identification of the C gamma 2c gene and led to the proposal of the following gene order for the rat Ig heavy chain locus: D-JH-C mu-C delta-(C gamma 2c, C gamma 2a)-C gamma 1-C gamma 2b-C epsilon-C alpha. There is striking homology between the rat and mouse Ig heavy chain loci as regards gene order and distance between CH genes. Partial DNA sequencing confirms this homology and shows that exon sequences are more conserved than are intron sequences. One of the most conserved intron regions between rat and mouse is that spanning the Ig heavy chain enhancer (91% homology). However, the relationship between the different C gamma subclasses in rat differs from that in mouse. Comparison of the C gamma CH3 domains shows that the rat C gamma 2b gene is most homologous to mouse C gamma 2a/b, whereas the rat C gamma 1 and C gamma 2a genes, both very similar to each other, are most homologous to the mouse C gamma 1 gene.

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Human Immunoglobulin D: Genomic Sequence of the Delta Heavy Chain

Cited by 69 publications

References 32 publications

A novel chimeric Ig heavy chain from a teleost fish shares similarities to IgD

A novel chimeric Ig heavy chain from a teleost fish shares similarities to IgD

The Porcine Ig δ Gene: Unique Chimeric Splicing of the First Constant Region Domain in its Heavy Chain Transcripts

Immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of the rat: striking homology to mouse antibody genes.

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