Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) seroprevalence and characterization of a distinct HIV-2 genetic subtype from the natural range of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected sooty mangabeys

Chen, Zhiwei; Luckay, Amara; Sodora, Donald L.; Telfer, Paul; Reed, Patricia; Gettie, Agegnehu; Kanu, James; Sadek, Ramses; Jurng-Jae, Yee; Ho, David D.; Zhang, Linqi; Marx, Preston A.

doi:10.1128/jvi.71.5.3953-3960.1997

Cited by 188 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…4). Moreover, SIVcpz and SIVsm geographic range distributions correlate well with African regions where HIV-1 and HIV-2 show great endemicity, e.g., sooty mangabeys are most abundant in the regions of West Africa where HIV-2 is highly prevalent and diverse; thus, HIV-2 likely emerged there (Chen et al, 1996(Chen et al, , 1997Santiago et al, 2005). The HIV-2 simian origin was rapidly established, since the only species naturally infected with a closely related virus is C. atys (Chen et al, 1996).…”

Section: Geographic and Host Origins Where And How?mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The HIV-2 simian origin was rapidly established, since the only species naturally infected with a closely related virus is C. atys (Chen et al, 1996). Furthermore, SIVsm cross-species transmission has occurred in multiple occasions demonstrated by phylogenetic analyses (Chen et al, 1997;Gao et al, 1992Gao et al, , 1994Lemey et al, 2003).…”

Section: Geographic and Host Origins Where And How?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolution of HIV: Inferences using phylogenetics

Castro-Nallar

Pérez‐Losada

Burton

et al. 2012

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Molecular phylogenetics has revolutionized the study of not only evolution but also disparate fields such as genomics, bioinformatics, epidemiology, ecology, microbiology, molecular biology and biochemistry. Particularly significant are its achievements in population genetics as a result of the development of coalescent theory, which have contributed to more accurate model-based parameter estimation and explicit hypothesis testing. The study of the evolution of many microorganisms, and HIV in particular, have benefited from these new methodologies. HIV is well suited for such sophisticated population analyses because of its large population sizes, short generation times, high substitution rates and relatively small genomes. All these factors make HIV an ideal and fascinating model to study molecular evolution in real time. Here we review the significant advances made in HIV evolution through the application of phylogenetic approaches. We first examine the relative roles of mutation and recombination on the molecular evolution of HIV and its adaptive response to drug therapy and tissue allocation. We then review some of the fundamental questions in HIV evolution in relation to its origin and diversification and describe some of the insights gained using phylogenies. Finally, we show how phylogenetic analysis has advanced our knowledge of HIV dynamics (i.e., phylodynamics).

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Section: Geographic and Host Origins Where And How?mentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Geographic and Host Origins Where And How?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of HIV: Inferences using phylogenetics

Castro-Nallar

Pérez‐Losada

Burton

et al. 2012

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…There appear to have been numerous other crossspecies transmissions, both simian-to-simian and simian-to-human. The human immunodeficiency viruses most likely originated through recent interspecies transmissions, from chimpanzees in the case of HIV-1 Corbet et al, 2000), and from sooty mangabeys for HIV-2 (Chen et al, 1997; for reviews, see Holmes, 2001;Sharp et al, 2001). It is now clear that HIV-2, a less pathogenic virus endemic in West Africa, emerged in that region where mangabeys are both hunted and kept as pets, and at least four separate interspecies transmission events gave rise to six human subtypes (Chen et al, 1997).…”

Section: Viruses That Use Reverse Transcriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of viruses in human evolution

Blerkom¹

2003

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

109

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The study of viral molecular genetics has produced a considerable body of research into the sequences and phylogenetic relationships of human and animal viruses. A review of this literature suggests that humans have been afflicted by viruses throughout their evolutionary history, although the number and types have changed. Some viruses show evidence of long-standing intimate relationship and cospeciation with hominids, while others are more recently acquired from other species, including African monkeys and apes while our line was evolving in that continent, and domesticated animals and rodents since the Neolithic. Viral selection for specific resistance polymorphisms is unlikely, but in conjunction with other parasites, viruses have probably contributed to selection pressure maintaining major histocompatibility complex (MHC) diversity and a strong immune response. They may also have played a role in the loss in our lineage of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a cell-surface receptor for many infectious agents. Shared viruses could have affected hominid species diversity both by promoting divergence and by weeding out less resistant host populations, while viruses carried by humans and other animals migrating out of Africa may have contributed to declines in other populations. Endogenous retroviral insertions since the divergence between humans and chimpanzees were capable of directly affecting hominid evolution through changes in gene expression and development.

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“…HIV-1 and HIV-2 similarly resulted from cross-species transmissions from chimpanzees/gorillas and sooty mangabeys, respectively, to humans (9,15,18,25,66). Thus, FIV is the only nonprimate lentivirus that causes an AIDS-like disease in its natural host, the domestic cat (3,43,44,72).…”

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confidence: 99%

Feline Tetherin Is Characterized by a Short N-Terminal Region and Is Counteracted by the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein

Celestino

Calistri

Vecchio

et al. 2012

J Virol

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dTetherin (BST2) is the host cell factor that blocks the particle release of some enveloped viruses. Two putative feline tetherin proteins differing at the level of the N-terminal coding region have recently been described and tested for their antiviral activity. By cloning and comparing the two reported feline tetherins (called here cBST2 504 and cBST2*) and generating specific derivative mutants, this study provides evidence that feline tetherin has a shorter intracytoplasmic domain than those of other known homologues. The minimal tetherin promoter was identified and assayed for its ability to drive tetherin expression in an alpha interferon-inducible manner. We also demonstrated that cBST2 504 is able to dimerize, is localized at the cellular membrane, and impairs human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particle release, regardless of the presence of the Vpu antagonist accessory protein. While cBST2 504 failed to restrict wild-type feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) egress, FIV mutants, bearing a frameshift at the level of the envelope-encoding region, were potently blocked. The transient expression of the FIV envelope glycoprotein was able to rescue mutant particle release from feline tetherin-positive cells but did not antagonize human BST2 activity. Moreover, cBST2 504 was capable of specifically immunoprecipitating the FIV envelope glycoprotein. Finally, cBST2 504 also exerted its function on HIV-2 ROD10 and on the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239. Taken together, these results show that feline tetherin does indeed have a short N-terminal region and that the FIV envelope glycoprotein is the predominant factor counteracting tetherin restriction.

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) seroprevalence and characterization of a distinct HIV-2 genetic subtype from the natural range of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected sooty mangabeys

Cited by 188 publications

References 31 publications

The evolution of HIV: Inferences using phylogenetics

The evolution of HIV: Inferences using phylogenetics

Role of viruses in human evolution

Feline Tetherin Is Characterized by a Short N-Terminal Region and Is Counteracted by the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein

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