Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (Hiv-1) and Mycobacterium Leprae Co-Infection: Hiv-1 Subtypes and Clinical, Immunologic, and Histopathologic Profiles in a Brazilian Cohort

Pereira, Gisner A. S.; Stefani, Mariane M. A.; Filho, João Ambrósio Araújo; Souza, Luís Carlos S.; Stefani, Germana Pimentel; Martelli, Celina Maria Turchi

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2004.71.679

Cited by 64 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Most of the large studies on the subject were performed in the early to mid-1990s, examining the rate of HIV seropositivity among leprosy patients in India (Se-Sekar et al 1994), Brazil (Andrade et al 1997, Machado et al 1998 and African countries (Poennighaus et al 1991, Lienhardt et al 1996. In Brazil, studies suggest that, in coinfected patients, each disease progresses as a separate infection (Sampaio et al 1995, Pereira et al 2004). …”

Section: Hansen's Disease Elimination and Human Immunodeficiency Virumentioning

confidence: 99%

Hansen's disease: a vanishing disease?

Talhari¹,

Grossi²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The introduction, implementation, successes and failures of multidrug therapy (MDT) in all Hansen's disease endemic countries are discussed in this paper. The high efficacy of leprosy treatment with MDT and the global reduction of prevalence led the World Health Organization, in 1991, to establish the goal of elimination of Hansen's disease (less than 1 patient per 10,000 inhabitants) to be accomplished by the year 2000. Brazil, Nepal and East Timor are among the few countries that didn't reach the elimination goal by the year 2000 or even 2005. The implications of these aspects are highlighted in this paper. Current data from endemic and previously endemic countries that carry a regular leprosy control programme show that the important fall in prevalence was not followed by the reduction of the incidence. This means that transmission of Mycobacterium leprae is still an issue. It is reasonable to conclude that we are still far from the most important goal of Hansen's disease control: the interruption of transmission and reduction of incidence. It is necessary to emphasize to health managers the need of keeping Hansen's disease control activities to better develop control programmes in the future. The recent international proposal to interrupt the transmission of leprosy by the year 2020 seems to unrealistic and it is discussed in this paper. The possibility of epidemiological impact related to the human immunodeficiency virus/Hansen's disease coinfection is also considered

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Section: Hansen's Disease Elimination and Human Immunodeficiency Virumentioning

confidence: 99%

Hansen's disease: a vanishing disease?

Talhari¹,

Grossi²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2012

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…2 Infeksi HIV dan bentuk klinis penyakit lepra pada awalnya diperkirakan akan menyebabkan pasien lepra berkembang ke arah tipe lepromatosa. Tipe lepra yang dilaporkan pada pasien ko-infeksi dengan HIV pada 2 studi dari Afrika Barat awal 90-an melaporkan peningkatan kasus MB 3 , sebaliknya sebuah studi di Brazil melaporkan kasus PB yang lebih dominan 4,14 , serupa dengan penelitian observasional besar yang dilaporkan dari Brazil oleh Sarno dkk, tentang ko-infeksi lepra dan HIV. Penelitian tersebut mengungkapkan pada pasien koinfeksi, lepra tuberkuloid adalah bentuk yang paling dominan dengan 78% pasien HIV ko-infeksi dengan lepra tipe PB dibandingkan dengan distribusi yang lebih seimbang antara lepra bentuk PB (50,6%) vs the MB (49,4%) di antara pasien lepra dengan HIV negatif.…”

Section: Ko-infeksi Hiv Dan M Lepraeunclassified

“…Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sarno dkk., reaksi lepra terutama reaksi tipe 1 banyak ditemui setelah pemberian HAART. 4,15 Gambaran ini memperlihatkan bahwa pasien ko-infeksi berisiko tinggi untuk berkembang menjadi reaksi, terutama saat mengkonsumsi ART. 15 Pasien dengan HIV juga mempunyai risiko tinggi untuk berkembangnya kerusakan syaraf tepi termasuk neuropati perifer .…”

Section: Ko-infeksi Hiv Dan M Lepraeunclassified

“…3 Sejak ditemukannya efek infeksi HIV pada insidensi dan gambaran klinikopatologi tuberkulosis, perhatian mulai ditujukan pada epidemi HIV dan lepra yang mungkin mempunyai interaksi yang sama. 4 Infeksi HIV mempunyai efek pada insiden dan gambaran klinikopatologi penyakit mikobakteria yang lain seperti tuberkulosis, sehingga diduga hal ini juga ditemukan pada interaksi HIV dengan lepra. Pada koinfeksi HIV dengan M. tuberculosis, interaksi keduanya ditandai dengan supresi imun yang terjadi setelah infeksi HIV yang mempercepat progresivitas tuberkulosis, dan sebaliknya aktivasi imun selular pada tuberkulosis berhubungan dengan progresivitas infeksi HIV yang lebih cepat.…”

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Ko-infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) dengan Mycobacterium leprae

Anggraini¹

2017

JIK

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Human immunodefficiency virus (HIV) epidemic covers several countries with endemic leprosy without any significantincrease in the number of patients co-infected with HIV and leprosy, so it can be concluded that HIV-positive does notincrease the risk of developing leprosy. Clinicopathological spectrum of leprosy patients who are co-infected withHIV is not changed. Leprosy may be attributed to the presence of immune recovery syndrome after the administrationof highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Long-term incubation period and the low incidence of leprosy inpatients with HIV make prospective cohort or case-control studies on the prevalence of leprosy among a group of HIVpositive and HIV negative hardly possible to be performed. The benefit of this circumstance is the HIV pandemicdoes not become a nuisance of the effort to control leprosy. Further studies on the molecular pathogenesis of M.leprae and other mycobacterial can provide an understanding of the differences of the pathogenesis in patients withHIV infection.

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“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Since its first report in 2003, it has become clear that the introduction of HAART changed the natural history of leprosy in HIV-infected patients. 3,15 In 19 cases (including the patient we describe) the clinical manifestations of IRIS were leprosy type-1 reactions, some unusually severe and associated with vasculitis and ulcerous progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%