Human immunodeficiency virus is a driven factor of human papilloma virus among women: evidence from a cross-sectional analysis in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancers, causing 270.000 deaths annually worldwide of which 85% occur in developing countries with an increasing risk associated to HIV infection. This study aimed at comparing HPV's positivity and genotype distribution in women according to their HIV status and determinants. Methods: A comparative study was carried out in 2012 at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre (CIRCB) among 278 women enrolled consecutively at the General Hospital and the Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital of the City of Yaoundé. HPV genotyping was performed by real-time PCR, HIV serological screening by serial algorithm, CD4 T cell phenotyping by flow cytometry and HIV viral load by Abbott m2000RT. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Graph Pad version 6.0 software; with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

HPV Positivity and Risk of Cervical Cancer according to HIV-Infection: A Comparative Assessment in the Population of Cameroonian Women

“…According to the marital status, single women were more represented than all the other groups (about half of the population), this de ning the age-group with high vulnerability among women in similar sub-Saharan African countries. This age range also aligned with ^previous ndings conducted by Mboumba Bouassa et al in Chad, Sosso et al in Cameroon, and Obiri-Yeboah et al in Ghana (35, 37 and 44 years, respectively (15,27,28).…”

“…Driven factors of cervical cancers are the aging of women (14), as well as HIV infection; the later leading to a decrease in the number and function of TCD4 + lymphocytes (15)(16)(17). Because failure in the immune system gives room to the occurrence of infections, HIV-infected women have a signi cantly higher risk of developing invasive cervical cancer (18,19).…”

“…Of note, HPV infections are more likely to persist in HIVpositive women, thereby contributing substantially to a higher risk of HPV infection and a higher risk of squamous intraepithelial lesions among women (20,21). This is particularly true in case of co-infection with HIV as the latter may serve as a cofactor in the carcinogenesis associated with HPV-HR infections, characterised by an estimated 8-fold risk in HIV-infected women (15), or the presence of other favouring conditions of co-infections or comorbidities (22,23).…”

Vaccinators' Perception of HPV Vaccination in the Saa Health District of Cameroon

“…In the Centre region of Cameroon, cervical cancer is the most frequently reported cancer ( 10 ). Low socio-economic status, HIV infection and multiple partners, have been shown to be risk factors for HPV infection in Cameroon ( 8 , 11 ). The 2020–2024 National Strategic Plan for Prevention and Cancer Control has a specific objective two that aims to increase primary prevention interventions by 25%, through communication for behaviour change in favour of cancer control.…”

Searching for the methylation sites involved in human papillomavirus type 16 and 18‑positive women with cervical cancer

“…Cervical cancer is considered one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality among women globally (1,2). In particular, >85% of new cases and 90% of cervical cancer-related deaths occur in developing countries (3)(4)(5). Despite efforts made to improve cervical cancer therapy, the 5-year survival rate remains <50% (6,7).…”