Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related heart disease: A review

Abstract

Recent advances in the knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and transmission as well as the emergence of effective antiretroviral therapies are leading to longer survival times for HIV-infected individuals. As a result, organ related manifestations of late stage HIV infection, including HIV-related heart diseases have emerged. It is now clear that cardiac involvement in HIV seropositive patients is relatively common and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiac involvement in HIV infection is multifactorial. The epidemiology has changed dramatically since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but studies carried out before the introduction of HAART remain relevant because of limited access to this treatment in many areas of the world. A variety of cardiac lesions have been reported in HIV infection and AIDS, including pericardial disease with effusion and tamponade, nonspecific or infectious myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy with global left ventricular dysfunction, endocardial valvular disease due to marantic or infective endocarditis, arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension and neoplastic invasion. In the post HAART-era, coronary artery disease and dyslipidaemia, drug related cardiotoxicity and cardiac autonomic dysfunction are becoming increasingly prevalent. In this review, we highlight the importance of cardiac complications in HIV disease and discuss measures that can be taken to improve survival.

A Study of Cardiac Manifestations of HIV/AIDS

“…Low CD 4 count is associated with high risk of Cardiomyopathy. [2,3] In our study 8.6% patients had pericardial effusion in is comparable with other studies like incidence of pericardial effusion is stated by Marwandi et al was 14%, study by singh 2012 pericardial effusion was detected in 17.4% cases. [7][8][9] But in Olusegun-Joseph et al(2012) study it was 47%.…”

“…[1] Before the advent of HAART, the cardiac manifestations in patients with HIV included mainly cardiomyopathy, pancarditis, and pulmonary hypertension leading to heart failure, conduction system abnormalities and neoplastic infiltration. [2,3] Becoming more prevalent in our society as therapy and longevity improve. [4,5] The prevalence of cardiac involvement in AIDS patients has been reported to range between 28% and 73%.…”

“…[5] The cardiac diseases include pericardial effusion, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, endocarditis, pulmonary hypertension, malignant neoplasm, coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction, and drug related cardiotoxicity. [2] Name & Address of Corresponding Author Dr. Satish Sachdeva Associate Professor, Govt Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India.…”

Myocardial disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a review

“…Heart muscle disease results in symptomatic heart failure in up to 5% of HIV patients [3]. Both adults and children are affected with severity ranging from incidental microscopic inflammatory findings at autopsy to clinically significant cardiac disease with chronic cardiac dysfunction [1]. Table 1 shows contemporary classification of cardiomyopathies.…”

“…Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a global public health issue and cardiovascular disease has been well documented in patients with infection [1]. At present, HIV infection is one of the leading causes of acquired cardiovascular disease including heart failure.…”