Human immunodeficiency virus and type 2 diabetes

Avari, Parizad; Devendra, Senan

doi:10.1080/17571472.2017.1302872

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…In terms of glycemic control, PWH undergoing CC had significantly higher HbA1c levels compared to those that did not have a CC. No differences were noted in the diagnoses of type I or II DM, although abnormal glycemic control and metabolic syndrome among these patients may certainly increase the risk of CVD [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Catheterization Procedures in Patients with HIV: A Retrospective Analysis

Ebner

Vincent

Grant

et al. 2021

JCDD

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With the advent of effective antiretroviral therapies, there has been a decrease in HIV-related mortality, but an increase in non-AIDS-related comorbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to investigate current status of cardiac catheterization (CC) procedures in people with HIV (PWH). This is a retrospective study done at a University Hospital in South Florida between 2017 and 2019. Medical records from 985 PWH indicated that CC was performed in 1.9% of the cases. Of the PWH who underwent CC, 68% were found to have obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Among obstructive CAD cases, PCI was performed in 77% and CABG in 21% of cases; 26% had a repeat procedure and 11% died from non-cardiac causes. When comparing PWH who had CC to those who did not, there was a significantly higher rate of statin use (63% vs. 25%, p < 0.015) and a higher prevalence of low ejection fraction (38% vs. 11%, p = 0.004) among those patients who underwent CC. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.13), HbA1c levels (p = 0.32), CD4 count (p = 0.45) nor in undetectable viral load status (p = 0.75) after controlling for age, sex and BMI. Despite the finding of traditional CVD risk factors among PWH, there were no differences in HIV-related factors among patients requiring CC, supporting the importance of optimization of traditional CVD risk factors in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Catheterization Procedures in Patients with HIV: A Retrospective Analysis

Ebner

Vincent

Grant

et al. 2021

JCDD

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“…As also highlighted in the literature, our results TDF confirmed that TDF has not any significant effect on glucose metabolism. Moreover, PIs (especially indinavir and ritonavir) were associated with hyperglycemia, potentially mediated by Glut4 glucose transporter inhibition . Several case studies reported hyperglycemia in patients who started InSTI‐based regimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index trajectories in HIV‐infected patients treated with different first‐line antiretroviral regimens

Gianotti

Muccini

Galli

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Objective: To describe the trajectories of the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index in a cohort of HIV-1 infected patients during their first-line antiretroviral (ART) regimen. Methods: Retrospective analysis of naïve patients who started ART from 2007 at the Infectious Diseases Unit of the San Raffaele Hospital, Milan. We included patients treated with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs, tenofovir, abacavir, lamivudine or emtricitabine), and one anchor drug (ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor [PI/r], non-NRTI [NNRTI], or integrase strand transfer inhibitor [InSTI]), and with HOMA-IR assessed both before and after the start of ART. Univariate and multivariate mixed linear models estimated HOMA-IR changes during ART. Results: Among 618 patients included in the study, 218 received InSTI-, 210 PI/r-, and 190 NNRTI-based regimens. Median follow-up was 27.4 (16.3-41.2) months. Adjusted mean change in HOMA-IR index was significantly higher (P = .041) in patients treated with InSTI-based regimens [0.160 (95% CI: 0.003-0.321) units per year] compared with NNRTI-based regimens [−0.005 (95% CI: −0.184-0.074) units per year]; no difference was observed between patients treated with NNRTI-and PI/ r-based regimens or between INSTI-based and PI/r-based regimens. Conclusion: InSTI-based first-line ARTs were independently associated with greater increases in HOMA-IR index. K E Y W O R D S HOMA-IR index, insulin resistance, integrase strand transfer inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors 1 | BACKGROUND Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically changed HIV epidemic, tackling progression to AIDS and reducing mortality. 1 However, ART has played a role in increasing risk of glucose metabolism disorders among HIV-infected patients, such as insulin resistance (IR) and type The results of this study have been presented in part at the 22nd International Workshop on HIV and Hepatitis Observational Databases (IWHOD), Fuengirola (Spain), 22th− 24th March 2018, abstract number: 41.

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“…[65][66][67] HIV patients treated with immunosuppressive agents may have HbA1c discordant with blood glucose levels which therefore results in an underestimation in the prevalence of dysglycemia; 68 the HbA1c, therefore, should not be used to assess glycemia in this population. 69 To summarize, although HbA1c is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of dysglycemia, screening for high-risk individuals using the HbA1c alone may not be sufficient to substitute for the information derived from OGTT.…”

Section: Hba1cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 65 – 67 HIV patients treated with immunosuppressive agents may have HbA1c discordant with blood glucose levels which therefore results in an underestimation in the prevalence of dysglycemia; 68 the HbA1c, therefore, should not be used to assess glycemia in this population. 69 …”

Section: Hba1c Not Reliable For Detecting Early Dysglycemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: 100 Years Later</p>

Jagannathan¹,

Neves²,

Dorcely³

et al. 2020

DMSO

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For over 100 years, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been the cornerstone for detecting prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In recent decades, controversies have arisen identifying internationally acceptable cut points using fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h post-load glucose (2-h PG), and/or HbA1c for defining intermediate hyperglycemia (prediabetes). Despite this, there has been a steadfast global consensus of the 2-h PG for defining dysglycemic states during the OGTT. This article reviews the history of the OGTT and recent advances in its application, including the glucose challenge test and mathematical modeling for determining the shape of the glucose curve. Pitfalls of the FPG, 2-h PG during the OGTT, and HbA1c are considered as well. Finally, the associations between the 30-minute and 1-hour plasma glucose (1-h PG) levels derived from the OGTT and incidence of diabetes and its complications will be reviewed. The considerable evidence base supports modifying current screening and diagnostic recommendations with the use of the 1-h PG. Measurement of the 1-h PG level could increase the likelihood of identifying high-risk individuals when the pancreatic ß-cell function is substantially more intact with the added practical advantage of potentially replacing the conventional 2-h OGTT making it more acceptable in the clinical setting.

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Human immunodeficiency virus and type 2 diabetes

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Cardiac Catheterization Procedures in Patients with HIV: A Retrospective Analysis

Cardiac Catheterization Procedures in Patients with HIV: A Retrospective Analysis

Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index trajectories in HIV‐infected patients treated with different first‐line antiretroviral regimens

<p>The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: 100 Years Later</p>

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