Human ILC1: To Be or Not to Be

Changes in bone marrow innate lymphoid cell subsets in monoclonal gammopathy: target for IMiD therapy

“…19,20 To address this in the setting of human marrow, we analyzed transcriptional profiles of sorted CD3 -CD56 1 NK cells and ILC1 from healthy bone marrow using single-cell RNA sequencing (GEO submission, GSE105216 (Figure 2A-C; supplemental Figure 2). These data demonstrate that ILC1 identified in our studies is distinct from NK cells.…”

Dissecting human ILC heterogeneity: more than just three subsets

“…As suggested, these cells could represent a heterogeneous population of innate‐like T lymphocytes or T cell‐like innate lymphocytes. However, this issue is not completely resolved …”

“…However, this issue is not completely resolved. [28][29][30] Group 2 ILC Group 2 ILCs are characterized by cells capable of producing of Th2-like cytokines (e.g. IL-5, IL-13) with high expression of the transcription factor GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3).…”

The roles for innate lymphoid cells in the human immune system

“…Mass cytometry (CyTOF) analysis of around 30 surface markers in several human organs failed to discern a distinct population of IFN-γ-/TBET-producing ILCs using t-SNE -based clustering analysis [20]. However, biaxial gating of the same data set could indeed reveal a population of TBET-expressing ILC1 [21], which are likely the ones previously identified in Crohn’s disease intestine [9]. Adding to the helper ILC1 confusion is the observation that cells within the ILC1 population express surface proteins typically expressed by T cells, including CD4, CD5, CD8, and CD28 and several transcripts of TCR and CD3 [23, 24], albeit absent on the cell surface.…”