Human Identification Using the Main Loop of the Vectorcardiogram

Abstract

In this paper a new approach in human identification is introduced, in which the use of the Vectorcardiogram (VCG) main loop as a biometric feature is investigated. The advantage of using VCG over the Electrocardiogram (ECG) is that the shape of the VCG is independent of the heart rate. A test set of 550 VCG's recorded from 22 healthy individuals measured at different times and with a wide range of heart rate values is used to validate the system. The proposed system uses only the main loop of the VCG for identification. Two different algorithms are used. In the first one, coefficients from specially developed descriptor (the Equal Distance descriptor) are used for identification, and in the second, selected Fourier Descriptor coefficients of the main loop of the VCG are used as biometric data. In both methods Feed Forward Neural Networks are used as classifiers giving identification rates of 99.454% and 95% respectively.

Sum of Sine Modeling Approach as a New Processing Technique For a Biometric System Based on ECG Signal

“…Abd ElRaheem et al [10] uses the Equal Distance descriptor for identification, and selected Fourier Descriptor coefficients of the main loop of the Vector Cardiogram VCG are used as biometric data Feed Forward Neural Networks are used as classifiers.…”

A review of beat-to-beat vectorcardiographic (VCG) parameters for analyzing repolarization variability in ECG signals

“…Therefore, it has been proposed over recent decades by various researchers that VCG has significant utility compared to the standard 12-lead standard ECG [13,14,60,84]. As VCG represents the spatial and temporal information of the heart action, it is thought to be a very promising tool for diagnosis of heart diseases [12,73,93,96] and also can be extended as a marker for biometrics [1]. Therefore, this paper focuses on a review of techniques, findings, and efficacy of beat-to-beat VCG approach for analyzing repolarization abnormalities.…”

“…Frank VCG lead system (adapted after[1]). The Frank VCG lead system consists of seven unipolar electrodes, and signals are viewed in three (X, Y, and Z) directions.…”

Biometrics via Spatial P-QRS-T Loop Features: Effect of Different VCG Transformations

“…The spatial features of the cardiac vector represented by the vectorcardiogram (VCG) are expected to be useful for biometric applications, considering the inter-subject differences of the VCG loop orientation and shape, and its independence from the heart rate [8]. However, we could find a few studies based on VCG biometrics, all of them solving the human identification task, using:…”

“…the QRS-loop projection in the vertical plane [8]. This paper considers the spatial P-QRS-T loops of the VCG, aiming to identify the most reliable VCG-based features for human verification.…”