Human <i>Salmonella</i> Infections Linked to Contaminated Dry Dog and Cat Food, 2006–2008

Behravesh, Casey Barton; Ferraro, Aimee; Deasy, Marshall P.; Dato, Virginia; Moll, Mària; Sandt, Carol H.; Rea, Nancy K.; Rickert, Regan; Marriott, Chandra; Warren, Kimberly; Urdaneta, Verónica; Salehi, Ellen; Villamil, Elizabeth; Ayers, Tracy; Hoekstra, Robert M.; Austin, Jana; Ostroff, Stephen M.; Williams, Ian T.

doi:10.1542/peds.2009-3273

Cited by 140 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…4 While raw pet foods are at a greater risk of contamination because they do not undergo rigorous heating and sterlization processs, dry processed foods may also be contaminated with bacteria after heat-treatment, as demonstrated by a 3-year multistate outbreak of S. Schwarzengrund. 5 Even with the use of high hydrostatic pressure, which is a non-thermal method to reduce bacteria in raw foods, bacterial species including some strains of Salmonella may persist. 6 Salmonellosis is responsible for up to 35% of sick pets visiting veterinary clinics and Salmonella contaminated pet food has been directly linked to human cases of Salmonellosis (including S. Typhimurium).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages safely reduceSalmonellacontamination in pet food and raw pet food ingredients

et al. 2016

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Contamination of pet food with Salmonella is a serious public health concern, and several disease outbreaks have recently occurred due to human exposure to Salmonella tainted pet food. The problem is especially challenging for raw pet foods (which include raw meats, seafood, fruits, and vegetables). These foods are becoming increasingly popular because of their nutritional qualities, but they are also more difficult to maintain Salmonella-free because they lack heat-treatment. Among various methods examined to improve the safety of pet foods (including raw pet food), one intriguing approach is to use bacteriophages to specifically kill Salmonella serotypes. At least 2 phage preparations (SalmoFresh Ò and Salmonelex TM ) targeting Salmonella are already FDA cleared for commercial applications to improve the safety of human foods. However, similar preparations are not yet available for pet food applications. Here, we report the results of evaluating one such preparation (SalmoLyse Ò ) in reducing Salmonella levels in various raw pet food ingredients (chicken, tuna, turkey, cantaloupe, and lettuce). Application of SalmoLyse Ò in low (ca. 2-4£10 6 PFU/g) and standard (ca. 9£10 6 PFU/g) concentrations significantly (P < 0.01) reduced (by 60-92%) Salmonella contamination in all raw foods examined compared to control treatments. When SalmoLyse Ò -treated (ca. 2£10 7 PFU/g) dry pet food was fed to cats and dogs, it did not trigger any deleterious side effects in the pets. Our data suggest that the bacteriophage cocktail lytic for Salmonella can significantly and safely reduce Salmonella contamination in various raw pet food ingredients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages safely reduceSalmonellacontamination in pet food and raw pet food ingredients

et al. 2016

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“…Since salmonellae are primarily found in the intestinal tracts of animals, most infections are the result of drinking contaminated water or eating improperly prepared foods of animal origin, including meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products (45). Salmonella can also be found on fresh produce, including tomatoes (1,3), and on dry foods such as pet food (4). Salmonella infections commonly present with watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid Genoserotyping Tool for Classification of Salmonella Serovars

et al. 2011

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We have developed a Salmonella genoserotyping array (SGSA) which rapidly generates an antigenic formula consistent with the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme, currently the gold standard for Salmonella serotyping. A set of 287 strains representative of 133 Salmonella serovars was assembled to validate the array and to test the array probes for accuracy, specificity, and reproducibility. Initially, 76 known serovars were utilized to validate the specificity and repeatability of the array probes and their expected probe patterns. The SGSA generated the correct serovar designations for 100% of the known subspecies I serovars tested in the validation panel and an antigenic formula consistent with that of the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme for 97% of all known serovars tested. Once validated, the SGSA was assessed against a blind panel of 100 Salmonella enterica subsp. I samples serotyped using traditional methods. In summary, the SGSA correctly identified all of the blind samples as representing Salmonella and successfully identified 92% of the antigens found within the unknown samples. Antigen-and serovar-specific probes, in combination with a pepT PCR for confirmation of S. enterica subsp. Enteritidis determinations, generated an antigenic formula and/or a serovar designation consistent with the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme for 87% of unknown samples tested with the SGSA. Future experiments are planned to test the specificity of the array probes with other Salmonella serovars to demonstrate the versatility and utility of this array as a public health tool in the identification of Salmonella.

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“…Un caso de infección faríngea invasora por Capnocytophaga, agente de la microbiota del hocico de los perros, en un niño IC que solía besar a su mascota (Abarca K, comunicación personal) y la documentación de la presencia de Salmonella montevideo en un alimento comercial para perros 17 sugieren que estas conductas o hábitos podrían ser de riesgo para la salud de los niños IC. Un reciente estudio documentó un brote de infección por Salmonella enterica serotipo Schwarzengrund en E.U.A., que afectó predominantemente a niños pequeños, relacionado a la contaminación de alimentos para perros y gatos 18 . L a mitad de los perros evaluados se encontraba con alguna enfermedad evidenciable al examen clínico.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Tenencia y estado de salud de mascotas de niños inmunocomprometidos, con énfasis en enfermedades zoonóticas

Abarca

P²,

2011

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Objetive: To characterize pet ownership and pet health status in families of immunocompromised (IS) children, with emphasis in zoonotic diseases. Population and Methods: Families of IS children from two hospitals in Santiago, Chile, were interviewed and their pets were evaluated by veterinary examination, coproparasitologic and skin dermatophytes test. In specifi c cases, other laboratory tests were performed in IS children or their relatives. Results: 47 out of 70 contacted families had pets, 42 participated in the study. Several risk factors for IS children were observed, as having a turtle as a pet and to clean cat or turtle faeces. Lack of adequate veterinary control, immunizations and deparasitation of pets were observed. Some animals showed zoonotic diseases or agents, as Brucella canis, Cryptosporidium sp, Giardia intestinalis, Toxocara canis and scabies. 44% of dogs had ticks and 37% had fl eas, both potential vectors of infections. Conclusions: Our results suggest that policies to provide safer pet contact in IS children are needed.Key words: Pets, immunosupressed patients, zoonoses, pet related infections. Palabras clave: Mascotas, inmunodeprimidos, zoonosis, infecciones transmitidas por mascotas. Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileHospital Clínico, Departamento de Pediatría (KAV, JCLG). Hospital Veterinario PuenteAlto, Santiago, Chile (JLDP).Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, ChileServicio de Pediatría (APD). IntroducciónS on bien conocidos los benefi cios que reportan a los niños en general, y a los enfermos crónicos en particular, la compañía de una mascota 1 . Sin embargo, ellas exponen al ser humano a algunos riesgos para su salud, como infecciones, accidentes (principalmente mordeduras) y ciertas alergias 2,3 . Durante los últimos años se ha observado un aumento en el reconocimiento de infecciones transmitidas por mascotas, en parte debido a la incorporación de animales exóticos al ambiente domiciliario, así como al creciente número de pacientes inmunocomprometidos (IC), población con mayor riesgo de adquirir y desarrollar formas graves de estas zoonosis 4-11 .Esta población de sujetos IC exige del equipo de salud un conocimiento de distintas situaciones de potencial riesgo sanitario, incluyendo aquellas relacionadas a la tenencia de mascotas y hace altamente deseable la existencia de recomendaciones médicas al respecto. A pesar de existir en Chile numerosos estudios en el área de zoonosis relacionadas a mascotas, no se han publicado guías específi cas respecto a su prevención, con la excepción de una relacionada al manejo de mordeduras por animales 12 . Un estudio concluyó, luego de una exhaustiva búsqueda en la literatura médica, que a nivel internacional existen escasas guías que den recomendaciones a pacientes IC en relación al cuidado de las mascotas 10 , siendo las dos guías más completas las elaboradas por el CDC de Atlanta, E.U.A., para pacientes sometidos a trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos 13 y para pacientes infectados con VIH 14 . Este estudio documenta asimismo la escas...

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Human Salmonella Infections Linked to Contaminated Dry Dog and Cat Food, 2006–2008

Abstract: Dry dog and cat foods manufactured at plant X were linked to human illness for a 3-year period. This outbreak highlights the importance of proper handling and storage of pet foods in the home to prevent human illness, especially among young children.

Cited by 140 publications

References 18 publications

Bacteriophages safely reduceSalmonellacontamination in pet food and raw pet food ingredients

Bacteriophages safely reduceSalmonellacontamination in pet food and raw pet food ingredients

Rapid Genoserotyping Tool for Classification of Salmonella Serovars

Tenencia y estado de salud de mascotas de niños inmunocomprometidos, con énfasis en enfermedades zoonóticas

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