Human Herpesviridae in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in children in Nigeria

Abstract

Herpesviruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human periodontitis. The present study investigated whether herpesviruses are present in the lesions of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Sixty-two Nigerian children, aged 3-14 years, were studied. Twenty-two children had acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and were also malnourished, 20 exhibited no acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis but were malnourished and 20 were free of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and in a good nutritional state. Polymerase chain reaction methods were used to determine the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus type 1 and type 2 (EBV-1, EBV-2), herpes simplex virus (HSV), human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in crevicular fluid specimens collected by paper points. Of the 22 acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis patients, 15 (68%) revealed viral infection and 8 (36%) viral coinfection. Thirteen (59%) acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis patients demonstrated HCMV, 6 (27%) EBV-1, 5 (23%) HSV and 1 (5%) HHV-6. Only 2 (10%) subjects from each group not affected by acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis showed viral presence, and no control subject revealed viral coinfection. These findings suggest that HCMV and possibly other herpesviruses contribute to the onset and/or progression of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in malnourished Nigerian children.

Pathogenesis of cancrum oris (noma): confounding interactions of malnutrition with infection.

“…2,11,20,21 Our recent studies suggest that infections by the human herpesviruses, particularly the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), contribute to the onset and progression of ANG in impoverished Nigerian children. 22 Nonetheless, only a relatively small percentage of ANG cases appear to evolve into noma. 2,23 The very rapid speed with which the orofacial lesion of noma establishes itself and the associated prominent foul odor, suggest that a collagenase type of enzyme, usually elaborated by anaerobes, is involved in the disease process.…”

Investigação do vírus Epstein-Barr em pacientes com Periodontite Crônica

“…Soma-se, ainda, a trabalhos como o de Ling et al 16 (2004), que encontraram uma prevalência muito baixa do EBV, apenas 4% dentre os 120 sítios analisados, e de Saygun et al 17 Alta prevalência foi encontrada também na periodontite associada a manifestações sistêmicas, como demonstrado por Grande et al 24 (2008), com uma ocorrência de 72%, e na relação entre estado nutricional e forma aguda, e localização geográfica, Contreras et al 25 (1997) verificaram prevalência de 63%.…”

“…O entendimento sobre a influência dos papéis dos vírus e bactérias na patogênese da periodontite pode ajudar a explicar as características da doença e a identificar pessoas que apresentam alto risco à destruição periodontal. Segundo os estudos de Parra et al 20 (1996), Grande et al 24 (2008), Contreras et al 25 (1997) e Contreras, Slots 27 (2000), a associação entre a doença periodontal e a infecção por herpes pode ser um reflexo da característica imunoinflamatória alterada do hospedeiro, a qual coloca o paciente sob risco para ambas as condições. Mesmo não sendo o mecanismo causal primário para a doença periodontal, a infecção herpética pode contribuir para a morbidade da condição.…”

The Viral Etiology of AIDS‐Associated Malignancies

“…Several studies have addressed HIV-related malignancies associated with HHV-8 (KSHV) and EBV, which are associated with increased morbidity (Ablashi et al, 1999;Contreras et al, 1997;Lazzi et al, 1998;Parkin et al, 2000;Sapp et al, 2001). Despite frequency variation, HPV16 infection has been shown to be more prevalent than any other high-risk HPV type in most regions of the world.…”