Human herpesvirus 8 genomes and seroprevalence in United States blood donors

Qu, Lirong; Jenkins, Frank W.; Triulzi, Darrell J.

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02559.x

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As seen in other studies, we found a significantly higher seroprevalence of HHV8 in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative individuals [25,26]. Additionally, we found a slightly higher seroprevalence in men compared to women, but this trend was not statistically different; this is also in concordance with other studies [22,27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Do fewer cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-infected patients reflect a decrease in HHV8 seroprevalence?

Reinheimer

Allwinn

Stürmer

2011

Med Microbiol Immunol

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Infection with human herpes virus 8 (HHV8) is associated with development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS); therefore also known as KS-associated herpes virus. KS is closely associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and consequently HHV8 seroprevalence is higher in HIV-infected compared to HIV-negative patients. Currently, KS is rarely seen in clinical practice, which might be a consequence of an optimized anti-HIV treatment leading to an improved immunological status, or alternatively of a decrease in HHV8 prevalence. To determine the prevalence of HHV8 antibodies in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative patients from the University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Germany, and to compare our results with previously published data to illustrate trends in the spread of infection. Hundred serum samples each of HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients were analyzed for HHV8 antibodies by using an IgG immunofluorescence test. The overall HHV8 seroprevalence was 16% with no statistically significant gender-specific differences; however, the distribution between the HIV-infected patients and the HIV-negative control group was significantly different (30 and 2%, respectively). The highest rate of seroprevalence in HIV-infected patients was detected at the age of 40-49 (42%) and the lowest rate at the age of 20-29 years (16.6%). In comparison with formerly conducted studies, our data clearly showed an increase in the HHV8 seroprevalence in HIV-infected patients, both in men and women. Therefore, we conclude that the low rate of clinical KS is associated with an improved immunological status due to an optimized anti-HIV therapy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Do fewer cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-infected patients reflect a decrease in HHV8 seroprevalence?

Reinheimer

Allwinn

Stürmer

2011

Med Microbiol Immunol

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“…It was found that none of the 738 blood samples, including those from the 18 oral shedders, were positive for HHV-8 DNA, despite triplicate testing, confirming earlier findings that in KS non-endemic areas, HHV-8 detection in peripheral blood is very rare, even among HHV-8-seropositive individuals such as blood-bank donors [10,11]. Blood donation by MSM has raised concerns about the possibility of HHV-8 transmission, and in some settings, it has been proposed to impose a lifetime donation deferral for this group [12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Oral samples have been consistently shown to have the highest rates of HHV-8 viral detection compared to semen, urine, urethral, vaginal, and anal samples, suggesting that saliva may play an important role in HHV-8 transmission [2–9]. On the other hand, transmission through blood and blood transfusion remains a controversial issue with no conclusive evidence [10–12]. Studies among blood donors outside KS endemic areas have shown very rare detection of HHV-8 DNA in blood samples, even among HHV-8-seropositive individuals [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospective study of human herpesvirus 8 oral shedding, viremia, and serological status among human immunodeficiency virus seropositive and seronegative individuals in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Braz‐Silva

Tozetto‐Mendoza

Sumita

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a gamma-herpesvirus and etiological agent of all forms of Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Saliva may play an important role in HHV-8 transmission in specific populations. Little is known about HHV-8 oral shedding pattern and the possible correlation with the HHV-8 serological profile and viremia. A prospective study was conducted of HHV-8 salivary excretion among human immunodeficiency virus HIV-seronegative (n = 47) and -seropositive (n = 44) homosexual men and HIV-seropositive women (n = 32) over a 6-month period with monthly HHV-8 serologies (immunofluorescence assays to identify antibodies to latent and lytic HHV-8 viral proteins, and a whole-virus HHV-8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), monthly HHV-8 DNA serum/plasma detection, and daily self-collected oral rinses for HHV-8-DNA detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction. HHV-8 seropositivity was 51.1%, 63.6%, and 37.5%, in the three studied groups. There was no case of HHV-8 DNA detection in serum/plasma. Intermittent detection of oral HHV-8 DNA was observed during 5.1% (110/2,160) of visits among 28% (18/64) of HHV-8-seropositive individuals, all of whom were males and HHV-8 ELISA seropositive. In immunologically controlled populations of Brazil, HHV-8 oral shedding was limited to HHV-8-seropositive men, occurred infrequently and intermittently, and was not linked to HHV-8 viremia, suggesting a limited potential for oral or blood transmission.

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“…In the United States, HHV-8 seroprevalence is low, and it peaks during the period of highest sexual activity (12). Studies of healthy blood donors in the United States have reported HHV-8 seroprevalence of 3.9% to 7.3% (13).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpes Virus 8 in Solid Organ Transplantation

2011

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Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) is a geographically limited virus that causes neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases predominantly in endemic regions. Primary HHV-8 infection, which is usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, result in lifelong latency. When the equilibrium between virus and host immunity is disturbed, such as after organ transplantation, HHV-8 may activate molecular pathways that drive oncogenesis. Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and Castleman's disease are the major malignancies associated with HHV-8. The incidences of these neoplastic pathologies mirror the geographic HHV-8 seroprevalence, and certain groups of patients are at higher risk. In this context, the risk of HHV-8 and its clinical disease is highest in immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients. Solid organ transplant recipients from HHV-8 endemic regions may develop HHV-8 reactivation or primary infection and manifest with Kaposi's sarcoma or less commonly primary effusion lymphoma and Castleman's disease; these neoplastic diseases are reported much less commonly in low-prevalent areas. There is currently no standard method of screening for HHV-8 infection in the transplant setting, although HHV-8 polymerase chain reaction is available to confirm clinical suspicion of infection. Management of HHV-8-associated diseases entails primarily a reduction in the degree of pharmacologic immunosuppression and, in some cases, chemotherapy may be required. The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor sirolimus may have the potential for management because of its antiproliferative properties. The role of antiviral drugs for HHV-8 prevention and treatment is yet to be defined.

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Human herpesvirus 8 genomes and seroprevalence in United States blood donors

Abstract: The results indicate that the prevalence of detectable HHV-8 genomes in healthy blood donors is very low.

Cited by 31 publications

References 34 publications

Do fewer cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-infected patients reflect a decrease in HHV8 seroprevalence?

Do fewer cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-infected patients reflect a decrease in HHV8 seroprevalence?

Prospective study of human herpesvirus 8 oral shedding, viremia, and serological status among human immunodeficiency virus seropositive and seronegative individuals in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Human Herpes Virus 8 in Solid Organ Transplantation

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