Human health safety evaluation of cosmetics in the EU: A legally imposed challenge to science

Pauwels, Marleen; Rogiers, Vera

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.12.007

Cited by 83 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Those substances may also still be used under strict dermatological supervision. Thus, the presence of hydroquinone, kojic acid, or azelaic acid is totally prohibited in cosmetic formulations by Swiss legislation, whereas hydroquinone is still authorized in the USA, where it is sold as an over-the-counter drug (concentration of hydroquinone not exceeding 2%), and products containing β-arbutin or plants that naturally contain hydroquinone and β-arbutin continue to remain available in European countries [132,150,151]. Moreover, numerous Asian and African countries have yet to legislate about the safety status of such substances [23].…”

Section: Current Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Whitening Cosmetics: Feedback and Challenges in the Development of Natural Skin Lighteners

et al. 2016

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Abstract:With the public's growing interest in skin whitening, lightening ingredients only used under dermatological supervision until recently, are more and more frequently incorporated into cosmetic formulas. The active agents that lighten skin tone are either natural or synthetic substances, and may act at various levels of melanogenesis. They are used to treat various skin pigmentation disorders or simply to obtain a lighter skin tone as whiter skin may be synonymous of wealth, health, youth, and/or beauty in different cultures. However, recent studies demonstrated the adverse effects of some of these ingredients, leading to their interdiction or restricted use under the European Directive and several other international regulations. After an overview of skin whitening practices and the associated risks, this article provides insight into the mechanisms involved in melanin synthesis and the biological assays available to attest the lightening activity of individual ingredients. The legislation dealing with the use of skin lighteners is then discussed. As traditional depigmenting agents such as hydroquinone and corticosteroids are of safety concern, the potential of natural extracts has been investigated more and more; finally, a synthesis of three years of research in our laboratory for such plant extracts will be given.

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Section: Current Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Whitening Cosmetics: Feedback and Challenges in the Development of Natural Skin Lighteners

et al. 2016

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“…Use of cosmetic and personal care products forms part of the daily routine for most people in almost every country in the world. Ensuring the toxicological safety of fragrance ingredients in such products, when used as directed, is essential and forms an integral step in product development and design, as well as in the regulatory compliance of the products (Nohynek et al, 2010;Pauwels and Rogiers, 2010). Consumer safety is assessed by conducting risk assessments for each ingredient present in the product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of an aggregate exposure model to estimate consumer exposure to fragrance ingredients in personal care and cosmetic products

Safford¹,

Api

Barratt

et al. 2015

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

1,536

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“…Only a few exceptions existed, ending March 2013 [73]. All these events have triggered increased attention on 3R alternative methods, in particular in regulatory toxicity testing [74,75,76,77,78]. For local toxicity, in vitro skin models are of major interest [79].…”

Section: Tissue Engineering Of the Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Healthy Human Skin Models: Can Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Potentially Improve the Present Replacement Models?

Lemper

Snykers

Vanhaecke

et al. 2013

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), a relatively new group of epigenetic agents, are being investigated as powerful chemotherapeutics because of their antiproliferative and prodifferentiation effects both in vitro and in vivo, in various tumor cell lines. Only little is known with respect to their effects on normal cells. Yet, to understand tissue pathology and evaluate potential effects of new chemical entities in tissue homeostasis, insight into the physiology of healthy tissue is necessary. Therefore, this review addresses the effects of HDACi on healthy human primary skin cell cultures and three-dimensional epidermal models. In general, HDACi exert an effect on both the epidermal morphology and differentiation process of human skin. The latter is manifested through cell cycle arrest, disorganization of the basal layer, thinning of the stratum spinosum and thickening of the stratum corneum, reorganization of the cytoskeleton and increased formation of cornified envelopes. This overview shows that, although only a limited number of reports exist, these molecules might be an interesting tool for the development and study of new human skin models.

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Human health safety evaluation of cosmetics in the EU: A legally imposed challenge to science

Cited by 83 publications

References 4 publications

Skin Whitening Cosmetics: Feedback and Challenges in the Development of Natural Skin Lighteners

Skin Whitening Cosmetics: Feedback and Challenges in the Development of Natural Skin Lighteners

Use of an aggregate exposure model to estimate consumer exposure to fragrance ingredients in personal care and cosmetic products

Current Status of Healthy Human Skin Models: Can Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Potentially Improve the Present Replacement Models?

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