Human health risk assessment of essential and non-essential metals in vegetables (Jute Mallow, Onions, Celosia, Spinach and Tomatoes) from Ogun, Lagos and Oyo states, southwestern Nigeria

Pollution, Ecological, and Health Risk Assessments of Heavy Metal Remediated Soil by Compost Fortified with Natural Coagulants

“…Prior to the determination of HMs, the air-dried soil/compost/plant samples were pulverized to < 100 µm. Samples were digested with mixed concentrated acids [perchloric (70% Purity), sulphuric (98% Purity,) and nitric (70% Purity)] using the procedures described in Taiwo et al (2021).This entails weighing 1.0 g ground samples into a conical ask, followed by an introduction of 1, 2 and 7 mL concentrated perchloric, sulfuric, and nitric acids, respectively. The mixture was heated on a hot plate under gentle heat in a fume cupboarduntil a clear solution was obtained.…”

“…Soil pollution by heavy metals (HMs) is a major global issue of concern in terms of environmental, ecological, and health effects. Even at low concentrations, HMs are dangerous to humans, animals, plants, and the environment (Taiwo et al 2021).They are non-biodegradable but undergo eco-biological cycling (Iwegbue et al 2006;Taiwo et al 2021). Dumpsite contains high levels of HMs from diverse sources such as industry, municipal and electronic wastes.…”

“…Dumpsite contains high levels of HMs from diverse sources such as industry, municipal and electronic wastes. These metals are eventually released into the soils, with possible in ltration into the groundwater resource through leachates (Liang et al 2014;Taiwo et al 2021). Human exposure to HMs could emanate from ingestion of contaminated groundwater, and consumption of plants that had bio-accumulated HMs from the (dumpsite) soil (Duruibe et al 2007).…”