Human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fish species from markets in Southern Nigeria

Tongo, Isioma; Ogbeide, Ozekeke; Ezemonye, Lawrence Ikechukwu

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.12.006

Cited by 142 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The TEQ values of PAHs in fish species, as reported by Tongo et al were 0.22, 0.005, 0.30 and 0.03 mg/kg in Clarias gariepinus, Tilapia zilli, Ethmalosa fimbriata, and Scomber scombrus, respectively 24. The consumption of species with the lowest total mean concentrations of PAHs have a higher potential to cause carcinogenic risk, which agrees with the findings of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The TEF is an estimate of the relative toxicity of an individual PAH fraction compared to benzo(a)pyrene. The TEF values are used to calculate other PAHs to benzo(a)pyrene equivalents (the most toxic PAHs) for an average adult with 70 kg body weight 24. The carcinogenic potency of individual PAHs is represented by the value resulting from the product of the concentration and TEF value of each congener.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carcinogenic potencies of individual PAHs were evaluated by multiplying the PAH concentrations in the sample by the individual toxicity equivalency factor (TEF) as shown in Equation 4 24. The toxicity equivalency factor is an estimate of the relative toxicity of individual PAH fractions compared to benzo(a)pyrene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TEFs developed by Nisbet and LaGoy were applied and these values were used to calculate PAH as equivalents for benzo[a]pyrene for a standard adult with 70 kg body weight 25. The toxic equivalent quotient (TEQ) was derived by adding the carcinogenic potencies of individual PAHs shown in Equation 5 24 where, B(A)Pteq is the carcinogenic potencies of individual PAHs and C i is the PAH concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Health Risk of Fish, Crab and Shrimp Around Atlas Cove, Nigeria

Olayinka

Adewusi

Olujimi

et al. 2019

Journal of Health and Pollution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic contaminants and pose health risks to humans and the ecosystem due to their persistence in the environment. Objectives. This study determined the concentrations of PAHs in sediment, two species of fish (Drepane africana and Pomadasys jubelini), crabs (Callinectes amnicola) and shrimps (Penaeus notialis) around the Atlas Cove jetty, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were extracted from fish, shrimp, and crabs that were purchased from local fishermen. Sediments were collected at five locations impacted by ship movement and cargo offloading around the Atlas Cove jetty during the period of June to August 2016, using standard methods. Potential toxicity of PAHs in the sediments on the surrounding aquatic organisms was assessed. The PAHs were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Human health risk assessment was calculated from biota using dietary daily intake and carcinogenic potencies of individual PAH concentrations. Results. A total of 17 PAH congeners were detected in sediment samples and ten were detected in biota samples. Concentrations of total PAHs obtained in sediment and fish samples ranged from 2.15 - 36.46 mg/kg and 11.89 - 71.06 mg/kg, respectively. The total PAHs concentration pattern follow the order of P. notialis > C. amnicola > P. jubelini (whole) > D. africana (whole) > D. africana (fillet) > P. jubelini (fillet) > sediment. Concentrations of total PAHs were higher in whole fish than in fillet samples (muscle) in both fish species. High values of PAHs were recorded in the dietary intake (0.10 - 2.33 mg/kg body weight/day) of the organisms. Toxic equivalent quotient values (0.01 to 0.10 mg/kg) were observed to be higher than the screening values (0.0014 to 0.0599 mg/kg). In the muscle of Drepane africana and Pomadasys jubelini, splitting and atrophy of the muscle bundles were observed. Conclusions. The concentrations of PAHs in analyzed sediment and organisms were higher than the maximum permissible limit of the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Most of the detected PAHs were of petrogenic origin, which is an indication that anthropogenic activities were influencing PAH concentrations. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Health Risk of Fish, Crab and Shrimp Around Atlas Cove, Nigeria

Olayinka

Adewusi

Olujimi

et al. 2019

Journal of Health and Pollution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Given their potential to be inhaled by humans, these compounds have received special consideration as they have been identified as carcinogenic, teratogenic, and genotoxic. 7 European legislation establishes air quality standards for outdoor environments. For the PAH group, the annual average target of 1 ng/m 3 for benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was set by Directive 2004/107/ EC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle‐associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a representative urban location (indoor‐outdoor) from South Europe: Assessment of potential sources and cancer risk to humans

Galán-Madruga¹,

Ubeda²,

Terroba³

et al. 2019

Indoor Air

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PM10‐bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels were monitored at urban locations (outdoor/indoor) within the city of Madrid between May 2017 and April 2018. Fourteen PAH congeners were measured, potential emission sources were identified as were potential carcinogenic risks. The ΣPAHs averaged 0.577 and 0.186 ng/m3 in outdoor and indoor air, with a high linear correlation per individual mean PAH and month. The largest contributors to the ΣPAHs were the high‐molecular‐weight PAHs. Principal component analysis‐multiple linear regression results showed that emissions from diesel and vehicular processes explained 27% and 23% of the total variance of outdoor and indoor air, while combustion processes accounted for 30% and 25% in ambient and indoor air, respectively. During the cold season, biomass burning plus coal and wood combustion were additional sources of outdoor emissions. The heavy‐, medium‐ and light‐molecular‐weight PAH originating from outdoor sources accounted for 72%, 80%, and ~60% of the indoor levels of the three respective PAH groups. Average BaP concentration was 0.029 and 0.016 ng/m3 in outdoor and indoor air, respectively. Estimated BaPeq concentration averaged 0.072, 0.035, and 0.027 ng/m3 for outdoor, indoor, and indoor‐generated individual PAH concentrations, respectively. The estimated carcinogenic risk falls within the range of acceptable risk targeted by the US‐EPA.

show abstract

Sublethal Effect Concentrations for Nonpolar Narcosis in the Zebrafish Embryo

Massei

Knapen

Blust

et al. 2021

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nonpolar narcosis, also known as baseline toxicity, has been described as the minimal toxicity that an organic chemical may elicit based on its lipophilicity. Although lethal effects of narcosis-inducing chemicals (NICs) have been thoroughly investigated, knowledge of sublethal effects is still very limited. We investigated the effects of 3 well-known NICs (phenanthrene, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, and pentachlorobenzene) on a variety of organismal endpoints (malformations, swim bladder inflation, respiration, heart rate, swimming activity, and turning angles), which can be plausibly linked to narcosis in zebrafish embryos. Baseline toxicity recorded as mortality is typically observed in similar exposure ranges in a wide variety of species including fish, corresponding to a chemical activity range between 0.01 and 0.1. In the present study, we found that sublethal effects occurred at concentrations approximately 5 times below lethal concentrations. Altered swimming activity and impaired swim bladder inflation were the most sensitive endpoints occurring at exposure levels below the generally accepted threshold for baseline toxicity for 2 out of 3 compounds. Overall, most effective exposure levels across the sublethal endpoints and compounds did fall within the range typically associated with baseline toxicity, and deviations were generally limited to a factor 10. Although there could be benefit in adding sublethal endpoints to toxicity tests, such as the fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) test, based on the present sublethal endpoints and available evidence from our and other studies, the underestimation of toxicity as a result of the sole assessment of mortality as an endpoint in an FET test may be limited for narcosis.

show abstract

Human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked fish species from markets in Southern Nigeria

Cited by 142 publications

References 30 publications

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Health Risk of Fish, Crab and Shrimp Around Atlas Cove, Nigeria

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment and Health Risk of Fish, Crab and Shrimp Around Atlas Cove, Nigeria

Particle‐associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a representative urban location (indoor‐outdoor) from South Europe: Assessment of potential sources and cancer risk to humans

Sublethal Effect Concentrations for Nonpolar Narcosis in the Zebrafish Embryo

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About