Human health risk assessment for the occurrence of enteric viruses in drinking water from wells: Role of flood runoff injections

Masciopinto, Costantino; Giglio, Osvalda De; Scrascia, Maria; Fortunato, Francesca; Rosa, Giuseppina La; Suffredini, Elisabetta; Pazzani, Carlo; Prato, Rosa; Montagna, Maria Teresa

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.107

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The authors further reported higher median concentrations of Legionella detected in summer (500 CFU/L) than in winter (300 CFU/L). Similarly, the presence of enteric viruses, including Norovirus genotype II in groundwater, is also reported from the Salento peninsula located in Southern Italy (Masciopinto et al, 2019). The authors attributed the contamination of groundwater due to enteric viruses to prolonged floodwater injections and the resulting imbalance of ionic strength leading to transport of viruses in the subsurface environment.…”

Section: Microbial Pollution Of Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 85%

Groundwater pollution: Occurrence, detection, and remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants

Kurwadkar

Kanel

Nakarmi

2020

Water Environment Research

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Groundwater pollution is a result of natural and anthropogenic activities. While the elevated levels of various inorganic constituents could be attributed to natural processes, such as geological weathering and aquifer characteristics, many times, anthropogenic activities also substantially pollute the groundwater. On the contrary, the occurrence of organic pollutants is primarily due to various anthropogenic activities. Extensive groundwater mining, the hydraulic connection between groundwater and other surface water bodies, and leaking underground buried infrastructure also contribute to groundwater pollution. Water resources are scarce commodities, and preserving groundwater quality is of critical concern. This paper documents instances of groundwater quality impact during the year 2019 due to both natural and anthropogenic activities throughout the world.

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Section: Microbial Pollution Of Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 85%

Groundwater pollution: Occurrence, detection, and remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants

Kurwadkar

Kanel

Nakarmi

2020

Water Environment Research

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“…The simulation results at the Forcatella site have visualized the preferential pathways in fractures that are followed by pathogens ( Fig. 3 ) using the particle tracking computation method ( Masciopinto et al., 2019 ). These pathogen trajectories into horizontal fractures are highlighted in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of QMRA to MAR operations for safe agricultural water reuses in coastal areas

Masciopinto¹,

Vurro²,

Lorusso³

et al. 2020

Water Research X

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A pathogenic Escherichia coli ( E.coli ) O157:H7 and O26:H11 dose-response model was set up for a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of the waterborne diseases associated with managed aquifer recharge (MAR) practices in semiarid regions. The MAR facility at Forcatella (Southern Italy) was selected for the QMRA application. The target counts of pathogens incidentally exposed to hosts by eating contaminated raw crops or while bathing at beaches of the coastal area were determined by applying the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) Bayesian method to the water sampling results. The MCMC provided the most probable pathogen count reaching the target and allowed for the minimization of the number of water samplings, and hence, reducing the associated costs. The sampling stations along the coast were positioned based on the results of a groundwater flow and pathogen transport model, which highlighted the preferential flow pathways of the transported E. coli in the fractured coastal aquifer. QMRA indicated tolerable (<10 −6 DALY) health risks for bathing at beaches and irrigation with wastewater, with 0.4 infectious diseases per year (11.4% probability of occurrence) associated with the reuse of reclaimed water via soil irrigation even though exceeding the E. coli regulation limit of 10 CFU/100 mL by five times. The results show negligible health risk and insignificant impacts on the coastal water quality due to pathogenic E. coli in the wastewater used for MAR. However, droughts and reclaimed water quality can be considered the main issues of MAR practices in semiarid regions suggesting additional reclaimed water treatments and further stress-tests via QMRAs by considering more persistent pathogens than E. coli .

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“…Stagnation of water allows the formation of a biofilm, which plays an important role in the accumulation, propagation, and dissemination of pathogens, including filamentous fungi [ 18 ]. Until a few years ago, the occurrence of fungi in water was rarely considered, because attention was directed towards occurrence of bacteria and viruses [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. These microorganisms unlike fungi cause acute diseases when they contaminate potable water, and are now regarded as emerging causes of chronic water quality problems [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Fungi in the Potable Water of Hospitals: A Public Health Threat

et al. 2020

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Since the last decade, attention towards the occurrence of fungi in potable water has increased. Commensal and saprophytic microorganisms widely distributed in nature are also responsible for causing public health problems. Fungi can contaminate hospital environments, surviving and proliferating in moist and unsterile conditions. According to Italian regulations, the absence of fungi is not a mandatory parameter to define potable water, as a threshold value for the fungal occurrence has not been defined. This study evaluated the occurrence of fungi in potable water distribution systems in hospitals. The frequency of samples positive for the presence of fungi was 56.9%; among them, filamentous fungi and yeasts were isolated from 94.2% and 9.2% of the samples, respectively. The intensive care unit (87.1%) had the highest frequency of positive samples. Multivariable model (p < 0.0001), the variables of the period of the year (p < 0.0001) and type of department (p = 0.0002) were found to be statistically significant, suggesting a high distribution of filamentous fungi in the potable water of hospitals. Further studies are necessary to validate these results and identify the threshold values of fungi levels for different types of water used for various purposes to ensure the water is safe for consumption and protect public health.

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Human health risk assessment for the occurrence of enteric viruses in drinking water from wells: Role of flood runoff injections

Cited by 47 publications

References 57 publications

Groundwater pollution: Occurrence, detection, and remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants

Groundwater pollution: Occurrence, detection, and remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants

Application of QMRA to MAR operations for safe agricultural water reuses in coastal areas

Occurrence of Fungi in the Potable Water of Hospitals: A Public Health Threat

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