Human health risk assessment for exposure to BTEXN in an urban aquifer using deterministic and probabilistic methods: A case study of Chennai city, India

Rajasekhar, Bokam; Nambi, Indumathi M.; Govindarajan, Suresh Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114814

Cited by 50 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The traditional deterministic (point) approach is based on assigning a single value to each input parameter in the risk assessment model, which leads to an output of a single value of risk [45]. This method is advantageous due to its simplicity and easy understanding [46]; however, variability is not accounted for in input variables [24]. Furthermore, this method is based on a reasonable exposure situation and is relatively conservative [47].…”

Section: Deterministic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monte Carlo simulation, in which parameters are described by their distribution, is a widely used method for probabilistic risk assessment [10]. MCS employs statistical sampling techniques to obtain a full range of possible outcomes (in the form of probability distributions) [48], considering the inherent randomness and uncertainty associated with the data [24]. The MCS and other probability-based techniques to obtain a range of possible outputs from uncertain inputs have been widely used in the human health risk assessment [3,10,46] since they allow a sensitivity analysis of the input variables in the model [26].…”

Section: Probabilistic Approach: Monte Carlo Simulation (Mcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deterministic method represents the output health risk as a single point value. In contrast, in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), the combination of the probability distribution of several input parameters in the risk equation yields the output risk as a range of values [3,24]. PRA is mainly useful when a deterministic outcome of risk is close to the safe exposure thresholds or when there is a need to decrease uncertainties [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Polluted Rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Jiménez-Oyola

Escobar-Segovia

García-Martínez

et al. 2021

Water

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Anthropogenic activities performed in the Ecuadorian Amazon have released potentially toxic elements (PTEs) into the rivers, causing severe environmental pollution and increasing the risk of exposure to the residents of the surrounding areas. This study aims to carry out a human health risk assessment using deterministic and probabilistic methods to estimate the hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) related to multi-pathway human exposure to PTEs in polluted rivers. Concentrations of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in surface water and sediment samples from rivers on the Ecuadorian Amazon were considered to assess the potential adverse human health effects. As a result, deterministic and probabilistic estimations of cancer and non-cancer risk through exposure to surface waters and sediments were above the safety limit. A sensitivity analysis identified the concentration of PTEs and the exposure duration (ED) as the two most important variables for probabilistic health risk assessment. The highest risk for receptors was related to exposure to polluted sediments through incidental ingestion and dermal contact routes. According to the deterministic estimation, the human health risk through ingestion of water was above the threshold in specific locations. This study reveals the potential health risk to which the population is exposed. This information can be used as a baseline to develop public strategies to reduce anthropogenic pollution and exposure to PTEs in Ecuadorian Amazon rivers.

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Section: Deterministic Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Probabilistic Approach: Monte Carlo Simulation (Mcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Polluted Rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Jiménez-Oyola

Escobar-Segovia

García-Martínez

et al. 2021

Water

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“…Therefore, probabilistic statistics theory is the most suitable method to study the probabilistic health risk. Monte Carlo is a simulation method based on the probabilistic statistics theory, and it can yield reliable results (Soleimani et al 2020;Rajasekhar et al 2020;Ali et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Distribution of Groundwater Fluoride and Manganese in the Weining Plain (China) and Their Probabilistic Health Risk Quantification

Liu

et al. 2021

Expo Health

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In this paper, the spatial distribution of fluoride (F -) and manganese (Mn) in groundwater was described and the overall groundwater quality was assessed with the entropy weight water quality index (EWQI) in Weining Plain, northwest China. The probabilistic health risk of Fand Mn in groundwater was assessed by the Monte Carlo stochastic simulation method. The results show that 50 groundwater samples (a total of 144) belong to poor and very poor quality because of agricultural activities, industrial development, and the local hydrogeological conditions. Groundwater quality in the upper reaches of the Yellow River is better than that in the lower reaches. The average health risks faced by children and adults are 4.59 and 0.62, respectively. If the uncertainty of the model parameters are considered, the mean risks faced by children and adults are 6.84 and 0.92, respectively, indicating that the health risk to residents, especially children, cannot be ignored. Compared with dermal contact, drinking water intake is the main exposure way to harm residents' health. Fcontributed higher to the health risk than Mn, and children face greater risk than adults. Stochastic simulation can reflect health risks more comprehensively than the deterministic methods. The study results are helpful for decision makers to take measures for the safe supply of drinking water in the study area.

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“…Exposure of residents to the pollutants in the tap water through the dermal exposure pathway can occur during numerous household activities such as: showering/bathing, laundering, dishwashing, handwashing, etc. In the scientific literature which is covering this subject area (Lo ´pez et al, 2008;Maurice et al, 2019;Rajasekhar et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2016) it is generally accepted that among all mentioned activities in the dermal exposure pathway, the highest exposure to BTEX is during showering/bathing, while the contribution of all other activities to the total dermal risk is considered negligible. In our present study, we will follow the same principle and interpret showering/bathing as the highest contributor to the dermal exposure risk in the residential scenario.…”

Section: Residential Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of potential human health risks from exposure to volatile organic compounds in contaminated urban groundwater in the Sava river aquifer, Belgrade, Serbia

Bulatović

Ilić

Knudsen

et al. 2021

Environ Geochem Health

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The oil pollutant in the Sava River aquifer in the residential area of Belgrade, Serbia was investigated in order to analyze the extent, origin and spatial distribution of the pollution, with the aim to estimate potential human health risks from exposure to the compounds detected. Analytical methods indicated that the dominant compounds in this oil pollutant were gasoline range organic compounds. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) were identified as compounds of concern and quantified by headspace gas chromatography. The concentrations of benzene measured at all sampling points were higher than the remediation value while the maximum concentrations of BTEX quantified were among the highest concentrations of these compounds reported in the petroleum-contaminated aquifers in the world. The assessment of the human health risks from exposure to BTEX-covered industrial scenario for adult receptors and residential scenario for adult receptors and children. The exposure routes analyzed were dermal contact with and ingestion of contaminated water, considering both cancer and non-cancer effects. The analysis of the lifetime incremental cancer risk indicated the potential for adverse health effects for human exposure at the investigated location, and because of that it was interpreted as an unacceptable risk level or risks of high priority which required immediate consideration for remedial measures at this location. A complete set of mitigation measures was proposed including: groundwater decontamination treatment, installation of filters for tap water, development of the system for monitoring of BTEX in the groundwater and development of the emergency response capacities at this location.

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Human health risk assessment for exposure to BTEXN in an urban aquifer using deterministic and probabilistic methods: A case study of Chennai city, India

Cited by 50 publications

References 31 publications

Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Polluted Rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Human Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements in Polluted Rivers in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Occurrence and Distribution of Groundwater Fluoride and Manganese in the Weining Plain (China) and Their Probabilistic Health Risk Quantification

Evaluation of potential human health risks from exposure to volatile organic compounds in contaminated urban groundwater in the Sava river aquifer, Belgrade, Serbia

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