Human health-risk assessment based on chronic exposure to the carbonyl compounds and metals emitted by burning incense at temples

Chen, Ku‐Fan; Tsai, Yung‐Pin; Lai, Chia-Hsiang; Xiang, Yao-Kai; Chuang, Kuen-Yuan; Zhu, Zhiming

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-10313-1

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In this study, the PM1 for S1, N1, S2, and N2 was 42.29%, 27.59%, 44.2%, and 41.32% of total mass concentration, respectively. PM1 in our study was similar to [30]; however, it was found to be lower than in the other 2 studies [27,32] where the PM1 was between 90%-95% of the total mass.…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Of Particulate Mattersupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Particle size is mostly correlated with the degree of ingredient milling, with finer milling being linked to higher concentrations of smaller particles from incense burning [27]. Many studies had found that particles generated from incense burning were mostly less than 2.5µm to submicron sizes [10,[27][28][29][30][31]. These claims are particularly true for this study as we observed a considerably high concentration in the fraction of the ultrafine particles (PM0.1).…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Of Particulate Mattersupporting

confidence: 61%

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Determination of Particulate Matters and Total Suspended Particles emitted from Incense Burning

Chy,

Aun,

Hang

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Incense burning is an important ceremonial ritual in Buddhism. It is well recognized that incense smoke has negative health effects, which may be caused by the emission of submicron particles, including ultrafine and nanoparticles. Hence, in this study, the concentration of particulate matter (PM) and total suspended particles (TSP) emitted from incense burning were determined from 4 incense stick brands. The experiment was conducted in a room with a volume of approximately 146m3 using two instruments: an HV sampler and a Nano Sampler. The highest TSPs concentration from long sticks and short sticks were S1 (319.03 μg/m3) and N2 (439.75 μg/m3), respectively. High mass concentration was found in the ultrafine particle range for S2 (112.27 μg/m3) and N2 (117.30 μg/m3). In contrast, S1 and N1 exhibited high concentrations in the coarse particle mode at 79.28 μg/m3 and 86.75 μg/m3, respectively. Out of the 4 incense brands, N2 appeared to have the highest concentration in almost every particle range compared to the other 3 brands. Incense should be burned in a well-ventilated setting and try not to stay in the same place as the altar to reduce the risk of incense smoke exposure.

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Section: Physical Characteristics Of Particulate Mattersupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Physical Characteristics Of Particulate Mattersupporting

confidence: 61%

Determination of Particulate Matters and Total Suspended Particles emitted from Incense Burning

Chy,

Aun,

Hang

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…The former sources generally include mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and NADPH oxidase complex, while the latter may be the result of cumulative environmental exposure such as smoking, air pollution, chemicals, xenobiotics, and radiation. 99 Recently, micro- and nano-soot particles, also known as platforms of ROS generation, 100 , 101 have been dominantly found in the incense smoke. These particles could exhibit strong oxidative capacity with higher ROS generation and greater oxidative DNA damage as compared to both diesel exhaust particles and carbon black.…”

Section: The Involvement Of Oxidative Stress In Health Effects Associated With Incense Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was observed that the total deposited flux ranged from 83% to 84.82% of total atmospheric metal concentration, with the highest rate was found in the head airway. 100 Likewise, the personal exposure dose rates in the human respiratory tract due to incense burning were calculated using time-activity and particle size distribution data collected from a traditional Taiwanese residence by modified ICRP model. The results found that the deeper lung region had a lower average particle mass lung/indoor ratio; meanwhile, the average integrated deposition dose rates were highest in the extrathoracic region, followed by the bronchiolar and bronchial regions.…”

Section: The Involvement Of Oxidative Stress In Health Effects Associated With Incense Burningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adverse Impact of Incense Smoke on Human Health: From Mechanisms to Implications

Lee¹,

Vo²,

Wee³

et al. 2021

JIR

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Incense burning is a very popular activity in daily life among many parts all over the world. A growing body of both epidemiological and experimental evidences has reported the negative effects of incense use on human well-being, posing a potential threat at public significance. This work is a comprehensive review that covers the latest findings regarding the adverse impact of incense smoke on our health, providing a panoramic visualization ranging from mechanisms to implications. The toxicities of incense smoke come directly from its harmful constituents and deposition capacity in the body. Besides, reactive oxygen species-driven oxidative stress and associated inflammation seem to be plausible underlying mechanisms, eliciting various unfavorable responses. Although our current knowledge remains many gaps, this issue still has some important implications.

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“…Moreover, a pilot-scale study in France indicated that burning an incense stick emitted a maximum concentration of 25,500 particles cm -3 , and the indoor PM2.5 concentration reached 197 µg m -3 (Ji et al, 2010), which was 13 times higher than the guideline from WHO for 24 h (15 µg m -3 ). Along with PM2.5, burning incense also emits a large amount of PM1, which has an aerodynamic diameter much smaller than PM2.5; thus, it can lead to more severe health problems because it reaches deeper into the lung (Chen et al, 2021;Kumar et al, 2014). Even though studying PM1 from incense burning is necessary, such studies remain limited worldwide.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscript 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Particulate Matter (PM1 and PM2.5) from Incense Burning Activities in Temples in Vietnam and Taiwan

Hiền

Ngo

Lung

et al. 2022

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Particulate matter (PM) emitted from incense burning is a serious problem because of its effects on human health and the environment, especially on the air quality of Southeast Asia. This study investigated the PM1 and PM2.5 concentrations in two temples in Vietnam and Taiwan, focusing on events (i.e., new moon and full moon day) and non-event days using PM sensors. Moreover, PM2.5 samples were collected to determine organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations. The PM1 and PM2.5 concentrations in Vietnam (22.7±18.7 and 36.5 ± 33.9 µg m -3 , respectively) were lower than those at the Taiwan temple (74.5±53.4 and 97.0±65.4 µg m -3 , respectively). The incense burning activity in the Taiwan temple occurred inside the temple while the incense burner at Vietnam's temple was located outdoors. During the event days, PM1 and PM2.5 concentrations were about two times greater than on non-event days, highlighting the impact of incense burning on the PM concentrations. By breaking the study area into control and exposure sites, we found that the people inside the temple experienced 2-5 times higher PM concentrations as compared to those in the ambient air. The PM1/PM2.5 ratio was 0.6±0.1 for the Vietnam temple, which was lower than the Taiwan value (0.7±0.1). The OC and EC concentrations in the Taiwan temple were 129.40±97.68 and 1.16±2.31 µg m -3 , respectively, significantly greater than those found in the Vietnam temple (OC = 27.70±7.66 µg m -3 , EC = 1.63±0.93 µg m -3 ). Furthermore, the OC/EC ratio in the Vietnam temple (20.24) was similar to those reported from incense and biomass in previous research. The increase in religious activities was the major factor leading to the enhancement of the air pollutant levels surrounding the study areas. This study provides valuable information on PM and carbonaceous aerosols emitted from incense burning in Southeast Asia megacities.

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Human health-risk assessment based on chronic exposure to the carbonyl compounds and metals emitted by burning incense at temples

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

Determination of Particulate Matters and Total Suspended Particles emitted from Incense Burning

Determination of Particulate Matters and Total Suspended Particles emitted from Incense Burning

The Adverse Impact of Incense Smoke on Human Health: From Mechanisms to Implications

Characterization of Particulate Matter (PM1 and PM2.5) from Incense Burning Activities in Temples in Vietnam and Taiwan

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