“…Further, NPs can induce immune-mediated human health concerns resulting from cellular mechanisms of damage such as oxidative stress, interactions with cellular membranes and proteins, and alteration of signaling cascades. 187 More investigations confirmed the negative effects of ZnO and CuO NPs on human health. For instance, CuO NPs were reported to cause mitochondrial dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, lysosomal damage in human blood lymphocytes and increased ROS levels.…”