“…To compute the total impact ψ(k), an output function f ψ (•) can be considered which utilizes the state mea-surements, along with network graph parameters, to compute the total impact metric. This may correspond to an estimate of the number of people infected, hospitalized or diseased, as well as the total economic cost of the contamination event Shafiee & Zechman, 2013;Rasekh & Brumbelow, 2013;Shahra et al, 2021;Shafiee et al, 2018;Janne et al, 2017).…”