Human gut microbiome composition and tryptophan metabolites were changed differently by fast food and Mediterranean diet in 4 days: a pilot study

Zhu, Chenghao; Sawrey‐Kubicek, Lisa; Beals, Elizabeth; Rhodes, Chris H.; Houts, Hannah; Sacchi, Romina; Zivkovic, Angela M.

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2020.03.005

Cited by 90 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The Mediterranean diet can stimulate the production of SCFA by gut microbiota due to its elevated content in dietary fibers. Other metabolites with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties generated by gut microbiota metabolism, such as Indole-2 propionic acid (IPA), have been reported to increase after four days of ingestion of the Mediterranean diet compared to four days of fast food [ 106 ].…”

Section: Mechanisms Involved In Mediterranean Diet Effects On T2dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Prevention, Disease Progression, and Related Mechanisms. A Review

2020

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The search for a quality diet has grown over the past decade. Diet is considered one of the pillars for the prevention and progression of several diseases, among them: diabetes. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an epidemic of western countries that increases the vulnerability of other diseases, such as cardiovascular and cancer. T2D is associated with lifestyle and diet. The traditional Mediterranean diet has proven its benefits over several cardiovascular risk factors, and specifically on diabetes. This review compiles recent published evidence on the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the incidence and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its relation with several other cardiovascular healthy diets. We will also focus on how the Mediterranean diet could play a role in T2D-related mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory or antioxidant compounds, glucagon-like peptide agonist compounds, and changes in gut microbiota. Each component of the Mediterranean diet could be involved in processes related to diabetes homeostasis, many of them sharing common physio-pathological pathways. The importance of this diet within the set of habits of a healthy lifestyle must be emphasized.

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Section: Mechanisms Involved In Mediterranean Diet Effects On T2dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Prevention, Disease Progression, and Related Mechanisms. A Review

2020

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“…First, specific diets, dietary patterns, food components, and foods may change gut microbiome composition in a predictable way. For example, many studies have found an enrichment in protein and fat metabolizing microbial species or genes in Western diets, which are enriched in animal products and deficient in fiber, and conversely an enrichment in saccharolytic microbes in diets high in fermentable fiber (22)(23)(24). Second, diet-derived metabolites may themselves be modified by sets of microbes or individual microbial strains and affect host physiology (25).…”

Section: A Brief Review Of Diet-microbiome Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-over intervention studies, where each participant undergoes both the target intervention and the control arm, with a washout period between treatments, is the most optimal study design for studying the effects of a dietary intervention because each participant acts as their own control. Cross-over designs have been successfully implemented in diet-microbiome studies (19,24,95), and allow the researcher to conduct a within-person comparison instead of a between-person comparison, reducing the sample size needed to detect differences by at least half, and reducing the confounding effects of inter-individual variation (96). Cross-over studies are more difficult to conduct than parallel studies for several reasons including longer study duration and higher participant burden, and it is imperative that the washout period be long enough to prevent carryover effects (97).…”

Section: Recommendations For Dietary Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If substitutions need to be made after the participant has already been recruited into the study, these substitutions may impact the effects of the intervention on the microbiome. For example, in a recent study we tested the effects of a Mediterranean style diet compared to a fast food diet of burgers and fries (24). Even in this small group of only 10 healthy, young subjects who reported to be omnivores and willing to consume foods provided to them, 3 of the participants did not like certain foods and ingredients and their preferences were accommodated to ensure that they were at least receiving the intended calorie levels and macronutrient breakdowns.…”

Section: Recommendations For Dietary Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most participants showed consistent and comparable changes in response to dietary intervention. However, there was a small number of participants whose microbiome shifts were in opposite directions when compared to the majority (24). Individual responses to interventions and dietary intake are documented across multiple studies (6,16,19).…”

Section: Recommendations For Dietary Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Guide to Diet-Microbiome Study Design

et al. 2020

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Intense recent interest in understanding how the human gut microbiome influences health has kindled a concomitant interest in linking dietary choices to microbiome variation. Diet is known to be a driver of microbiome variation, and yet the precise mechanisms by which certain dietary components modulate the microbiome, and by which the microbiome produces byproducts and secondary metabolites from dietary components, are not well-understood. Interestingly, despite the influence of diet on the gut microbiome, the majority of microbiome studies published to date contain little or no analysis of dietary intake. Although an increasing number of microbiome studies are now collecting some form of dietary data or even performing diet interventions, there are no clear standards in the microbiome field for how to collect diet data or how to design a diet-microbiome study. In this article, we review the current practices in diet-microbiome analysis and study design and make several recommendations for best practices to provoke broader discussion in the field. We recommend that microbiome studies include multiple consecutive microbiome samples per study timepoint or phase and multiple days of dietary history prior to each microbiome sample whenever feasible. We find evidence that direct effects of diet on the microbiome are likely to be observable within days, while the length of an intervention required for observing microbiome-mediated effects on the host phenotype or host biomarkers, depending on the outcome, may be much longer, on the order of weeks or months. Finally, recent studies demonstrating that dietmicrobiome interactions are personalized suggest that diet-microbiome studies should either include longitudinal sampling within individuals to identify personalized responses, or should include an adequate number of participants spanning a range of microbiome types to identify generalized responses.

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Challenges and priorities for researching the gut microbiota in individuals living with anorexia nervosa

West,

Hart,

Loughman

et al. 2023

Intl J Eating Disorders

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ObjectiveThe gut microbiota is implicated in several symptoms and biological pathways relevant to anorexia nervosa (AN). Investigations into the role of the gut microbiota in AN are growing, with a specific interest in the changes that occur in response to treatment. Findings suggest that microbial species may be associated with some of the symptoms common in AN, such as depression and gastrointestinal disturbances (GID). Therefore, researchers believe the gut microbiota may have therapeutic relevance. Whilst research in this field is rapidly expanding, the unique considerations relevant to conducting gut microbiota research in individuals with AN must be addressed.MethodWe provide an overview of the published literature investigating the relationship between the gut microbiota and symptoms and behaviors present in AN, discuss important challenges in gut microbiota research, and offer recommendations for addressing these. We conclude by summarizing research design priorities for the field to move forward.ResultsSeveral ways exist to reduce participant burden and accommodate challenges when researching the gut microbiota in individuals with AN.DiscussionRecommendations from this article are foreseen to encourage scientific rigor and thoughtful protocol planning for microbiota research in AN, including ways to reduce participant burden. Employing such methods will contribute to a better understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in AN pathophysiology and treatment.Public SignificanceThe field of gut microbiota research is rapidly expanding, including the role of the gut microbiota in anorexia nervosa. Thoughtful planning of future research will ensure appropriate data collection for meaningful interpretation while providing a positive experience for the participant. We present current challenges, recommendations for research design and priorities to facilitate the advancement of research in this field.

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Human gut microbiome composition and tryptophan metabolites were changed differently by fast food and Mediterranean diet in 4 days: a pilot study

Cited by 90 publications

References 71 publications

Mediterranean Diet Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Prevention, Disease Progression, and Related Mechanisms. A Review

Mediterranean Diet Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Prevention, Disease Progression, and Related Mechanisms. A Review

A Guide to Diet-Microbiome Study Design

Challenges and priorities for researching the gut microbiota in individuals living with anorexia nervosa

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