Human Foot Reconstruction from Multiple Camera Images with Foot Shape Database

Abstract

Recently, researches and developments for measuring and modeling of the human body have been receiving much attention. Our aim is to reconstruct an accurate shape of a human foot from multiple camera images, which can capture dynamic behavior of the object. In this paper, a foot-shape database is used for accurate reconstruction of human foot. By using Principal Component Analysis, the foot shape can be represented with new meaningful variables. The dimensionality of the data is also reduced. Thus, the shape of object can be recovered efficiently, even though the object is partially occluded in some input views. To demonstrate the proposed method, two kinds of experiments are presented: reconstruction of human foot in a virtual reality environment with CG multi-camera images, and in real world with eight CCD cameras. In the experiments, the reconstructed shape error with our method is around 2 mm in average, while the error is more than 4 mm with conventional volume intersection method.

Fast, Portable and Low-Cost 3D Foot Digitizers: Validity and Reliability of Measurements

“…More recently, and thanks to the databases created using 3D foot scanners, new foot digitizers based on lower-cost methods such as data-driven 3D reconstructions (D3DR) from a few measurements or 2D images had been developed to estimate the 3D shape of faces [28], feet [29,30,31,32,33,34,35] or bodies [36,37,38,39]. This technology has much lower hardware requirements than actual 3D scanners, which makes it potentially suitable for being deployed in low-cost simple devices for retail shops or even implemented into a smartphone app, making it possible to and have a foot scanner in your pocket.…”

Pressure Distribution Patterns and Shapes of Foot under Long-Term Loads

“…After years of hard work, the public welfare project "Chinese foot shape database" in China has obtained numerous raw data. These data were collected through the field sampling measurement of people living in seven regions, namely North China, Northwest China, Southwest China, South China, Mid-South China, Northeast China and East China, which are very essential to the research on the foot shapes and patterns of populations in different areas [3]. This test mainly measured and recorded the foot length, width and girth and locations and lengths of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint where there are obvious bone marks.…”

PCA-based 3D shape reconstruction of human foot using multiple viewpoint cameras

“…In [6], they proposed to combine the deformable models theory with a statistical approach, which consists in defining the ways the model can be deformed by analyzing the variability of shapes among a training set. Based on this idea and the work on statistical approach developed in [7], a new method to reconstruct the shape of a human foot by using principal component analysis has been proposed in [8]. However, in [8], sophisticated cameras were used to achieve the reconstruction and the method was tested on modeled data and on one real foot only.…”

“…Based on this idea and the work on statistical approach developed in [7], a new method to reconstruct the shape of a human foot by using principal component analysis has been proposed in [8]. However, in [8], sophisticated cameras were used to achieve the reconstruction and the method was tested on modeled data and on one real foot only.…”

“…In the following, we describe our method, which is based on principles similar to the ones described in [8], but can work with simple USB cameras. Then, we insist on the experiment part, where we test our method on a plastic foot model, as well as on 17 different human feet.…”