Human Follicular Mites: Ectoparasites Becoming Symbionts

Smith, G. Troy; Manzano-Marı́n, Alejandro; Reyes-Prieto, Mariana; Antunes, Cátia Sofia Ribeiro; Ashworth, Victoria; Goselle, Obed Nanjul; Jan, Abdulhalem Abdulsamad A; Moya, A.; Latorre, Amparo; Perotti, M. Alejandra; Braig, Henk R.

doi:10.1093/molbev/msac125

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…The genome of the glass sponge O. minuta differs from all other available sponge genomes by its compactness and smaller number of predicted proteins. It is among the smallest non parasitic metazoan genomes reported so far (121,(167)(168)(169).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The compact genome of the spongeOopsacas minuta(Hexactinellida) is lacking key metazoan core genes

Santini

Jourda

Duschene

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Bilaterian animals today represent 99% of animal biodiversity. Elucidating how bilaterian hallmarks emerged is a central question of animal evo-devo and evolutionary genomics. Studies of non-bilaterian genomes have suggested that the ancestral animal already possessed a diversified developmental toolkit, including some pathways required for bilaterian body plans. Comparing the genomes within the early branching metazoan Porifera phylum is key to identify which changes and innovations contributed to the successful transition towards bilaterians. Results: Here, we report the first whole genome comprehensive analysis of a glass sponge, Oopsacas minuta, a member of the Hexactinellida. Studying this class of sponge is evolutionary relevant because it differs from the three other Porifera classes in terms of development, tissue organization, ecology and physiology. Although O. minuta does not exhibit drastic body simplifications, its genome is among the smallest animal genomes sequenced so far, surprisingly lacking several metazoan core genes (including Wnt and several key transcription factors). Our study also provided the complete genome of the symbiotic organism dominating the associated microbial community: a new Thaumarchaeota species. Conclusions: The genome of the glass sponge O. minuta differs from all other available sponge genomes by its compactness and smaller number of predicted proteins. The unexpected losses of numerous genes considered as ancestral and pivotal for metazoan morphogenetic processes most likely reflect the peculiar syncytial organization in this group. Our work further documents the importance of convergence during animal evolution, with multiple emergences of sponge skeleton, electrical signaling and multiciliated cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The compact genome of the spongeOopsacas minuta(Hexactinellida) is lacking key metazoan core genes

Santini

Jourda

Duschene

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Although Demodex outgrowths have been noted among patients treated with anti-IL4Ra, controlled trials are needed to assess potential causality linking these drugs with cutaneous outcomes related to Demodex. Finally, increasing information regarding Demodex genomes (Smith et al, 2022) may facilitate identification of moieties or metabolites that sustain quiescent colonization that might represent the target of IL-13-induced host molecules that enable the widespread and successful habitation of the HF niche by these creatures.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate type 2 immunity controls hair follicle commensalism by Demodex mites

Ricardo-González¹,

Kotas²,

O’Leary³

et al. 2022

Immunity

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“…Zhou et al, 2022), multi-trophic interactions (Vet and Dicke, 1992;Van Rijn et al, 2002;Heil, 2008;Dicke, 2009, Schausberger, et al, 2021a, multimodal sensory perception (e.g. Herberstein et al, 2014;Uetz et al, 2016), or co-evolutionary arms races (Proctor, 2003;Dicke, 2009;Noel et al, 2020;Smith et al, 2022), just to mention a few. Some mites and spiders have the potential to become similarly significant models as honeybees and bumblebees are for cognition (e.g.…”

Section: Conceptual Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grand challenges and bold opportunities in arachnid ecology and behavior

Schausberger

2022

Front. Arachn. Sci.

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BackgroundThe Arachnida represent a mega-diverse lineage within the Arthropoda and are the second largest (speciose) class of invertebrates (first are the insects with around 955.000 described species), with about 91.200 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/) to 114.200 (Zhang, 2013) species named and described (90% of which are spiders and mites/ticks) but an estimated 1 to 1.5 million species, especially mites, waiting to be detected and named (Krantz and Walter, 2009;Walter and Proctor, 2013;Zhang, 2013). The number of currently known arachnid species is more than all vertebrates together, although the arachnid species number is just about 1/10 th to 1/15 th of the estimated number of species truly present, yet is in comparison close to being complete in the vertebrates (70.300 described species) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/). Arachnids are similar to insects in evolutionary success and history. The fossil history of the Chelicerata, to which the Arachnida belong to, dates back to 500 million years ago. The Arachnida comprise groups, such as the Acari (mites and ticks), that are extremely diverse and can be found about anywhere in the world, from aquatic to terrestrial, from rainforests to deserts, from mountain tops to valleys, from the icy Arctic and Antarctic to burning hot deserts (Krantz and Walter, 2009;Walter and Proctor, 2013), while others are almost exclusively terrestrial but similarly diverse in habitat use, i.e. the Araneae (spiders), with just one truly aquatic species (e.g. Foelix 2010, Dimitrov and Hormiga, 2021). While the Araneae are comparatively homogenous in foraging stylesall are true predators and most are prey generalists, yet showing an impressive array of true predation styles, from ambushing to active hunting to luring and trappingthe Acari are very diverse, from strictly parasitic throughout life, to changing between parasitic and free-living, to living on the same host throughout life and over several generations, to changing hosts to being always free-living, from fungivores, detritivores to herbivores, carnivores and omnivores, from habitat and diet generalists to extreme specialists exploiting just one type of food or individual host (e.g. Walter and Proctor, 2013). Extreme diversity and variability also apply to reproductive modes, which span from sexual direct and indirect sperm transfer to asexual cloning (thelytoky). Together, the arachnids are mega-diverse in all major aspects of ecology and behavior.The grand challenges presented here are viewed from an arachnid perspective though some are not specific to arachnids, as are some overarching questions addressed in arachnid research. The challenges and opportunities mentioned are not meant to be exhaustive, are certainly partly subjective and growing out of own current interests and Frontiers in Arachnid Science frontiersin.org 01

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Human Follicular Mites: Ectoparasites Becoming Symbionts

Cited by 10 publications

References 183 publications

The compact genome of the spongeOopsacas minuta(Hexactinellida) is lacking key metazoan core genes

The compact genome of the spongeOopsacas minuta(Hexactinellida) is lacking key metazoan core genes

Innate type 2 immunity controls hair follicle commensalism by Demodex mites

Grand challenges and bold opportunities in arachnid ecology and behavior

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