Human fatal yellow fever

Brito, Thales de; Siqueira, Sheila Aparecida Coelho; Santos, R. T. M.; Nassar, E.S.; Coimbra, Terezinha Lisieux Moraes; Alves, Venâncio Avancini Ferreira

doi:10.1016/s0344-0338(11)81176-3

Cited by 64 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Laboratory confirmation for human cases includes the presence of yellow fever virus-specific antibodies detected by IgM-capture ELISA [24] or immunohistochemistry [25], [26], detection of yellow fever virus by reverse-transcriptase PCR [27] or isolation of yellow fever virus in cell culture [28]. Nucleotide sequencing of yellow fever virus is used to differentiate between wild-type viral infections and vaccine virus [27], [29].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yellow Fever Outbreaks in Unvaccinated Populations, Brazil, 2008–2009

et al. 2014

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Due to the risk of severe vaccine-associated adverse events, yellow fever vaccination in Brazil is only recommended in areas considered at risk for disease. From September 2008 through June 2009, two outbreaks of yellow fever in previously unvaccinated populations resulted in 21 confirmed cases with 9 deaths (case-fatality, 43%) in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul and 28 cases with 11 deaths (39%) in Sao Paulo state. Epizootic deaths of non-human primates were reported before and during the outbreak. Over 5.5 million doses of yellow fever vaccine were administered in the two most affected states. Vaccine-associated adverse events were associated with six deaths due to acute viscerotropic disease (0.8 deaths per million doses administered) and 45 cases of acute neurotropic disease (5.6 per million doses administered). Yellow fever vaccine recommendations were revised to include areas in Brazil previously not considered at risk for yellow fever.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yellow Fever Outbreaks in Unvaccinated Populations, Brazil, 2008–2009

et al. 2014

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“…Suspected cases with laboratory evidence of YF infection or exposure during the incubation period to affected areas without an alternative diagnosis were classified as confirmed cases. Laboratory evidence of YF infection included virus isolation [20], viral antigen identification [21], [22], detection of YF specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) by immunoassay [23] or hemagglutination inhibition tests [20]. The diagnosis of YF was discarded in suspect cases without laboratory evidence of YF infection or exposure to affected areas, or with confirmed diagnosis of another illness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance for Yellow Fever Virus in Non-Human Primates in Southern Brazil, 2001–2011: A Tool for Prioritizing Human Populations for Vaccination

Almeida¹,

Cardoso

Santos³

et al. 2014

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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In Brazil, epizootics among New World monkey species may indicate circulation of yellow fever (YF) virus and provide early warning of risk to humans. Between 1999 and 2001, the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul initiated surveillance for epizootics of YF in non-human primates to inform vaccination of human populations. Following a YF outbreak, we analyzed epizootic surveillance data and assessed YF vaccine coverage, timeliness of implementation of vaccination in unvaccinated human populations. From October 2008 through June 2009, circulation of YF virus was confirmed in 67 municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul State; vaccination was recommended in 23 (34%) prior to the outbreak and in 16 (24%) within two weeks of first epizootic report. In 28 (42%) municipalities, vaccination began more than two weeks after first epizootic report. Eleven (52%) of 21 laboratory-confirmed human YF cases occurred in two municipalities with delayed vaccination. By 2010, municipalities with confirmed YF epizootics reported higher vaccine coverage than other municipalities that began vaccination. In unvaccinated human populations timely response to epizootic events is critical to prevent human yellow fever cases.

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“…The presence of Councilman bodies, coincident with disarray of the midzonal hepatocyte plate and microvesicular lipid accumulation, are considered to be hallmarks of fatal human YF infection. 10,76 Viral antigen and RNA are demonstrable by immunocytochemistry and nucleic acid hybridization in cells undergoing these pathologic changes, and cytopathology appears to be mediated by direct viral injury 10,76 via apoptosis. 77 Inflammatory changes, remarkably, are absent or minimal, and patients with hepatitis who recover do not develop residual scarring or cirrhosis.…”

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Yellow Fever Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Focal degeneration of muscle cells may be present in the heart. 76 Spleen and lymph nodes show necrosis of B-cell areas. 75 The brain shows edema and petechial hemorrhages, but viral invasion and encephalitis are very rare events.…”

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Yellow Fever Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yellow Fever: A Reemerging Threat

Gardner¹,

Ryman²

2010

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine

232

219

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Yellow fever (YF) is a viral disease, endemic to tropical regions of Africa and the Americas. YF principally affects humans and nonhuman primates, and is transmitted via the bite of infected mosquitoes. The agent of YF, yellow fever virus (YFV), can cause devastating epidemics of potentially fatal, hemorrhagic disease. We rely on mass vaccination campaigns to prevent and control these outbreaks. However, the risk of major YF epidemics, especially in densely populated, poor urban settings, both in Africa and South America, has greatly increased due to: (1) reinvasion of urban settings by the mosquito vector of YF, Aedes aegypti; (2) rapid urbanization, particularly in parts of Africa, with populations shifting from rural to predominantly urban; and (3) waning immunization coverage. Consequently, YF is considered an emerging, or reemerging disease of considerable importance.

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Human fatal yellow fever

Cited by 64 publications

References 9 publications

Yellow Fever Outbreaks in Unvaccinated Populations, Brazil, 2008–2009

Yellow Fever Outbreaks in Unvaccinated Populations, Brazil, 2008–2009

Surveillance for Yellow Fever Virus in Non-Human Primates in Southern Brazil, 2001–2011: A Tool for Prioritizing Human Populations for Vaccination

Yellow Fever: A Reemerging Threat

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