Human exposure to indoor air pollution in Ethiopian households

Asefa, Elsai Mati; Mergia, Mekuria Teshome

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11528

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Although the problem of the lack of an air quality monitoring network touches all African countries, the government of Ethiopia established an urban air quality monitoring guidance framework in 2016, and to curve down pollution sources, Ethiopia adopted clean transport with an intelligent transport master plan, an integrated program for tra c management and pedestrian safety (ASAP-East Africa Research Team 2020). The rst place in the improvement of health burden above the regional median also comes for its economic progress, and lifestyle improvements (Asefa and Mergia 2022). This study con rms also the results of the actions advanced by the government of Rwanda in other to reduce air pollution exposure, including promoting clean cooking energy sources (Woolley et al 2022), and the limitations of vehicular emissions by the introduction of car-free days (Subramanian et al 2020).…”

Section: Air Pollution Reduction Strategies Requirementsupporting

confidence: 70%

Assessment of the health impacts of air pollution exposure in East African countries

Baharane,

Shatalov

2024

Environ Monit Assess

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The health effects of air pollution remain a public concern worldwide. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 report, we statistically analysed total mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY), and Years of Life Lost (YLL) attributable to air pollution in eight East African countries between 1990 and 2019.We acquired ambient ozone (O 3 ), PM 2.5 concentrations and Household Air Pollution (HAP) from the solid fuel from the State of Global Air report. The multilinear regression model was used to evaluate the predictability of YLLs by the air pollutants. We estimated the ratio rate for each health burden attributable to air pollution to compare the country's efforts in the reduction of air pollution health burden. This study found that the total number of deaths attributable to air pollution decreased by 14.26% for 30 years. The drop came from the reduction of 43.09% in mortality related to Lower Respiratory tract Infection (LRI). However, only ve out of eight countries managed to decrease the total number of deaths attributable to air pollution with the highest decrease observed in Ethiopia (40.90%), and the highest increase in Somalia (67.49%). The linear regression model showed that HAP is the pollutant of the most concern in the region, with a 1% increase in HAP resulting in a 31.06% increase in regional YLL (R 2 = 0.93; p < 0.05). With the increasing ground-level ozone, accompanied by the lack of adequate measures to reduce particulate pollutants, the health burdens attributable to air pollution are still a threat in the region.

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Section: Air Pollution Reduction Strategies Requirementsupporting

confidence: 70%

Assessment of the health impacts of air pollution exposure in East African countries

Baharane,

Shatalov

2024

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Studies conducted in southern Ethiopia using similar ( 13 ) and different ( 15 ) air monitor devices in the kitchen have reported comparable results of 410 μg/m 3 and 413 μg/m 3 , respectively. Another published review report in Ethiopia also revealed 24-h average PM 2.5 concentration of 477 μg/m 3 ( 55 ). Another measurement of PM 2.5 during a single Injera baking event in Northwest Ethiopia reported an average PM 2.5 concentration of 855 μg/m 3 ( 56 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Kitchen fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations from biomass fuel use in rural households of Northwest Ethiopia

Enyew,

Hailu,

Mereta

2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundCombustion of solid biomass fuels using traditional stoves which is the daily routine for 3 billion people emits various air pollutants including fine particulate matter which is one of the widely recognized risk factors for various cardiorespiratory and other health problems. But, there is only limited evidences of kitchen PM2.5 concentrations in rural Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study is aimed to estimate the 24-h average kitchen area concentrations of PM2.5 and to identify associated factors in rural households of northwest Ethiopia.MethodThe average kitchen area PM2.5 concentrations were measured using a low-cost light-scattering Particle and Temperature Sensor Plus (PATS+) for a 24-h sampling period. Data from the PATS+ was downloaded in electronic form for further analysis. Other characteristics were collected using face-to-face interviews. Independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to test differences in PM2.5 concentrations between and among various characteristics, respectively.ResultMixed fuels were the most common cooking biomass fuel. The 24-h average kitchen PM2.5 concentrations was estimated to be 405 μg/m3, ranging from 52 to 965 μg/m3. The average concentrations were 639 vs. 336 μg/m3 (p < 0.001) in the thatched and corrugated iron sheet roof kitchens, respectively. The average concentration was also higher among mixed fuel users at 493 vs. 347 μg/m3 (p = 0.042) compared with firewood users and 493 vs. 233 μg/m3 (p = 0.007) as compared with crop residue fuel users. Statistically significant differences were also observed across starter fuel types 613 vs. 343 μg/m3 (p = 0.016) for kerosene vs. dried leaves and Injera baking events 523 vs. 343 μg/m3 (p < 0.001) for baked vs. not baked events.ConclusionThe average kitchen PM2.5 concentrations in the study area exceeded the world health organization indoor air quality guideline value of 15 μg/m3 which can put pregnant women at greater risk and contribute to poor pregnancy outcomes. Thatched roof kitchen, mixed cooking fuel, kerosene fire starter, and Injera baking events were positively associated with high-level average kitchen PM2.5. concentration. Simple cost-effective interventions like the use of chimney-fitted improved stoves and sensitizing women about factors that aggravate kitchen PM2.5 concentrations could reduce kitchen PM 2.5 levels in the future.

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“…The causes have been known for a long time 14 but there is obviously still a lack of remedy, as many current publications show. [23][24][25]91 In the study by Nakora et al, 24 56 kitchens in Uganda were examined for 24 h concentrations of carbon monoxide. In only 6 cases were the values below 4 mg m −3 , the WHO 24 h guideline value (see next section).…”

Section: Co Concentrations In Indoor and Outdoor Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accidental carbon monoxide poisoning indoors can occur in many cases. These include the use of coal stoves for heating, 22 biomass-fired cooking stoves, 23–25 gas stoves in tents 26 and mobile homes, the use of water pipes in private areas and in cafés, 27,28 defective air conditioning systems and clogged exhaust systems. 29 There are even reports that sleeping people in mobile homes are intentionally fumigated with CO for the purpose of robbery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%