Human exposure to carbon-based fibrous nanomaterials: A review

Carbon Nanotubes Disrupt Iron Homeostasis and Induce Anemia of Inflammation through Inflammatory Pathway as a Secondary Effect Distant to Their Portal‐of‐Entry

“…The alveolar epithelium surface area is 0.05 m 2 for a mouse with a body weight of 25 g, and it is 102 m 2 for an human adult . With the calculation formula recommend by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (USA), it premised on that the same alveolar surface area exposure dose would generate similar toxicological effects between human and mouse; the exposure for a worker to 400 µg m −3 for 8 h d −1 over a 5 month period for 45 years during the working life time would be equivalent to 2 mg kg −1 for murine lung burden . Of note, the actual concentration of dust in the air during haze weather or the concentration of CNTs in working place is much higher than 400 µg m −3 .…”

“…With the calculation formula recommend by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (USA), it premised on that the same alveolar surface area exposure dose would generate similar toxicological effects between human and mouse; the exposure for a worker to 400 µg m −3 for 8 h d −1 over a 5 month period for 45 years during the working life time would be equivalent to 2 mg kg −1 for murine lung burden . Of note, the actual concentration of dust in the air during haze weather or the concentration of CNTs in working place is much higher than 400 µg m −3 . Therefore, to more realistically and accurately determine the risks of MWCNTs in promoting inflammatory responses, we screened 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg kg −1 MWCNTs in mice through oropharyngeal aspiration, namely I.T.…”

Electrospun nanofibers as reinforcement for composite laminates materials – A review

“…Eventually, it is also worth mentioning that other types of interleaves rose popularity in the last few years, such as CNF and CNT [80][81][82][83][84] but they are not treated in this review. The main issues with the use of CNT and CNF are linked to health dangerousness [85] and difficulties in mixing and homogenizing with the matrix [86]. Authors considered out of the scope of this literature, and therefore did not treat, studies on nanofibers embedded in pure matrix [60,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94], on the single nanofiber [95][96][97][98], and on numerical simulations of nanomodified composites [65,[99][100][101][102].…”

NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of 1020 Long Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Administered by Inhalation to Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley® SD®) Rats and B6C3F1/N Mice

“…Most of these studies were conducted in small research and development facilities where only small amounts of MWCNTs are synthesized and handled. Worker exposure to MWCNT can occur during the transfer, weighing, blending, and mixing of the bulk powders, and during the machining of MWCNT-composite materials 33 . Low levels of exposure can occur during disposal and recycling of materials containing MWCNT 34 .…”