Human exposure pathways to organophosphate flame retardants: Associations between human biomonitoring and external exposure

Xu, Feng; Eulaers, Igor; Alves, Anelise Maria Costa Vasconcelos; Papadopoulou, Eleni; Sánchez, Juan Antonio; Lai, Foon Yin; Haug, Line Småstuen; Voorspoels, Stefan; Neels, Hugo; Covaci, Adrian

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.053

Cited by 92 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…To enhance the fire resistant properties of PU and PIR products, fire retardants are added to spray foam materials with organophosphate (OFRs) growing in popularity in recent years (Xu et al, 2019 2016). Flame retardants are generally not chemically bound to the polyurethane matrix and may emit indefinitely (ECHA, 2018).…”

Section: Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Figure 7 and Appendix C, the mean concentration in dust (ng/g) is 40-320 times higher than the mean concentration in air (ng/m 3 ). A literature review found that whilst the major exposure pathways differed between the various OFRs, indoor dust seems to be the best proxy for internal exposure (Xu et al, 2019). A weak correlation (R 2 =0.06) of metabolites of OFRs in human urine (n=229) with emissions from furniture suggests that dust ingestion from furniture is not the only exposure pathway (Ingle et al, 2019).…”

Section: Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyurethane insulation and household products – A systematic review of their impact on indoor environmental quality

Naldzhiev

Mumovic

Strlič

2020

Building and Environment

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We systematically review the impact of polyurethane insulation and polyurethane household products on the indoor environmental quality of buildings. The review breaks down polyurethane products into constituent compounds (isocyanate, polyol, flame retardant, blowing agent and catalyst) as well as secondary emissions, and discusses their implications on human health. Concentrations of compounds emitted from insulation, and household materials, measured in laboratory experiments and case studies are presented in the context of the built environment.We would like to thank Dr Dustin Poppendieck (National Institute of Standards and Technology) and Elizabeth Cooper (UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering) for critically reviewing the paper and assisting with expert advice on exposure assessments and organic emissions. Their suggestions and valuable comments improved and clarified the manuscript.The lead author is part of the Centre for Doctoral Training in Science and Engineering in Arts, Heritage and Archaeology (SEAHA). This research has been made possible through funding provided by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under award reference number EP/L016036/1.

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Section: Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane insulation and household products – A systematic review of their impact on indoor environmental quality

Naldzhiev

Mumovic

Strlič

2020

Building and Environment

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“…Consequently, global concerns about PFR contamination and its impact on aquatic environment and human health have increased. A recent study on human exposure suggested that seven out of eleven target PFR metabolites, including diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and bis(1-chloro-2-propyl)-1-hydroxy-2-propyl phosphate/BCIPHIPP (Figure 2), were frequently detected in human urine and also the most frequently detected metabolite in both serum and hair (Xu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Future Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Contaminants In Indonesian Seafood From Industrial Emission And Their Health Hazards

Dwiyitno

2019

Squalen Bull. Marine Fisheries Postharvest Biotech.

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Emerging contaminants (ECs) or contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) has become global awareness of researcher since few decades ago, including Indonesia. Intensive usage of industrial compounds has led to the massive emission to the environment and therefore their potential adverse effect may endanger aquatic organism and human health. Based on the available literatures, organotins and flame retardants as two main groups of ECs from industrial emission identified in Indonesian seafood, as well as worldwide. However, concentration both ECs group detected in Indonesian seafood are relatively low than that in developed countries and the majority of South East Asian countries. Aryl hydrocarbons are reported by only minor literatures in Indonesia and Japan suggested minor interest on the investigation to this compound group. Toxicological studies revealed that ECs emitted from industrial activities has to be concern, ash most of the ECs attributed to endocrine disrupting chemicals. Nevertheless, study on the exposure assessment of ECs in Indonesia is very limited. Regulation issue and laboratory approach are among future focus to be concern in addressing ECs in Indonesia, especially from industrial emission.

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“…Evidences have specified the existence of TCPP in personal air samples during the application of spray polyurethane foam and indoor dusts, pointing toward the workplace and in‐house vulnerability of human exposure (Estill et al, 2020; Kim et al, 2019; Marlow et al, 2014; Wood, 2017). TCIPP is one of the isomers of TCPP, whose hydroxylated metabolite (BCIPHIPP) has been detected in human urine, suggesting the likelihood of TCPP toxicity in humans (Siddique et al, 2020; Xu et al, 2019). In vivo test models ( Cyprinus carpio , zebrafish, Caenorhabditis elegans , rockfish) exposed to TCPP have exhibited bioaccumulation, multiorgan toxicity, alterations in the neuronal architecture, and proteomic changes (Bekele et al, 2018; Ji et al, 2020; Li et al, 2019; Van der Veen & de Boer, 2012; Xu, Li, et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus flame‐retardant tris(1‐chloro‐2‐propyl)phosphate is genotoxic and apoptotic inducer in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Saquib

Siddiqui

Al‐Khedhairy

2021

J of Applied Toxicology

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Tris(1‐chloro‐2‐propyl)phosphate (TCPP) is a chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardant (OPFR) widely used in consumer goods after the phaseout of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). TCPP can percolate into the indoor and outdoor dusts, leading to its detection in the human body fluids (urine, breast milk) and placenta. However, TCPP has not been studied so far for its toxicity in the human vascular system. Hence, we have used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and exposed them to TCPP ranging from low to high (5–400 μM) concentrations for 24 h. Cytotoxicity analysis by MTT and NRU assays exhibited 15.27% and 20.56%, 21.67%, and 48.67% survival decline of cells only at 200 and 400 μM. Comet assay data showed DNA damage from 50 to 400 μM with Olive tail moment (OTM) values between 1.03 and 35.59, respectively. TCPP‐exposed HUVECs exhibited 1.09 and 1.39‐fold greater intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 25 and 400 μM, indicating oxidative stress. HUVEC mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) measurements showed 1.16 and 1.48‐fold higher fluorescence of Rh123 dye at 25 and 400 μM, confirming mitochondrial dysfunction. Flow cytometric data demonstrated 5.1%–58.8% cells in SubG1 apoptotic phase at 5 and 400 μM TCPP. Our novel data revealed that TCPP is a genotoxic and apoptotic inducer, which may trigger alike responses in human vascular system. Overall, detailed in vivo studies are warranted on the transcriptional and translations effects of TCPP.

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Human exposure pathways to organophosphate flame retardants: Associations between human biomonitoring and external exposure

Cited by 92 publications

References 63 publications

Polyurethane insulation and household products – A systematic review of their impact on indoor environmental quality

Polyurethane insulation and household products – A systematic review of their impact on indoor environmental quality

Emerging Contaminants In Indonesian Seafood From Industrial Emission And Their Health Hazards

Organophosphorus flame‐retardant tris(1‐chloro‐2‐propyl)phosphate is genotoxic and apoptotic inducer in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

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