Human Exposure Pathways

Elert, Mark; Bonnard, Roseline; Jones, Celia; Schoof, Rosalind A.; Swartjes, Frank A.

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9757-6_11

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…-1 ] by the reference child inspiration rate per day (12.4 m 3 ) and dividing by the reference child body weight (21 kg) multiplied by a conversion factor from mg to ng of 10 6 (Bari et al, 2011;Elert et al, 2011). The average carcinogenic risk to occupants of the classroom was found to be 1.8  10 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor/Outdoor Relationships between PM10 and Associated Organic Compounds in a Primary School

Alves

Urban

Pegas

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Airborne particulate matter (PM 10 ) samples were collected daily, indoors and outdoors, in a primary school at Aveiro, Portugal, from February 28 to May 27, 2011. The carbonaceous content (organic and elemental carbon) was determined by a thermo-optical technique. The organic speciation of PM 10 was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mean PM 10 levels of 107 and 36 µg/m 3 were obtained in the schoolroom and outdoors, respectively. On average, organic carbon accounted for 30.0% of the mass of PM 10 indoors, whereas a lower mass fraction of 21.3% was found outdoors. The lack of correlation between indoor and outdoor organic carbon and the much higher indoor levels suggest significant contributions by indoor sources. The most abundant organic compound classes were acids, sugars, polyols and n-alkanes. Infiltration of outdoor particles leads to contamination of the schoolroom with vehicle emissions, as well as emissions related to the burning of biofuel in nearby restaurants and bakeries. However, the much higher indoor concentrations than in the outdoor air for the majority of compounds suggest that the origin of much of the particulate matter is from within the school building (due to school activities and materials, skin debris, microorganisms, and so on), and this also includes the formation of secondary organic aerosols. Based on the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a negligible cancer risk was estimated in relation to the air within the school.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor/Outdoor Relationships between PM10 and Associated Organic Compounds in a Primary School

Alves

Urban

Pegas

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…To assess whether specific contaminants pose health risks in observational epidemiology studies, it is necessary to describe exposures to contaminants in populations and to assess the correspondence between exposure levels and health outcomes in those populations. Contaminant exposure can occur through various media including drinking water, food, house dust, or air (Elert et al., 2011 ). Accurately apportioning the relative importance of different exposure pathways would be helped by detailed data collection on the multiple routes of exposure (Clayton et al., 2002 ; Georgopoulos et al., 2006 , 2008 ; Sexton et al., 1995a , 1995b ; K. W. Thomas et al., 1999 ), which can be challenging and impractical.…”

Section: Drinking Water Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Water, Water Everywhere, but Every Drop Unique: Challenges in the Science to Understand the Role of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Management of Drinking Water Supplies

Glassmeyer,

Burns,

Focazio

et al. 2023

GeoHealth

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The protection and management of water resources continues to be challenged by multiple and ongoing factors such as shifts in demographic, social, economic, and public health requirements. Physical limitations placed on access to potable supplies include natural and human‐caused factors such as aquifer depletion, aging infrastructure, saltwater intrusion, floods, and drought. These factors, although varying in magnitude, spatial extent, and timing, can exacerbate the potential for contaminants of concern (CECs) to be present in sources of drinking water, infrastructure, premise plumbing and associated tap water. This monograph examines how current and emerging scientific efforts and technologies increase our understanding of the range of CECs and drinking water issues facing current and future populations. It is not intended to be read in one sitting, but is instead a starting point for scientists wanting to learn more about the issues surrounding CECs. This text discusses the topical evolution CECs over time (Section 1), improvements in measuring chemical and microbial CECs, through both analysis of concentration and toxicity (Section 2) and modeling CEC exposure and fate (Section 3), forms of treatment effective at removing chemical and microbial CECs (Section 4), and potential for human health impacts from exposure to CECs (Section 5). The paper concludes with how changes to water quantity, both scarcity and surpluses, could affect water quality (Section 6). Taken together, these sections document the past 25 years of CEC research and the regulatory response to these contaminants, the current work to identify and monitor CECs and mitigate exposure, and the challenges facing the future.

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“…Approximately 3 billion people worldwide have the habit of drinking tea, consuming around 18 to 20 billion cups of tea daily 3 . Human exposure to environmental pollutants occurs through various pathways, with dietary intake being a signi cant route 4 . By consuming tea, people intake bene cial components such as tea polyphenols, amino acids, polysaccharides, caffeine, as well as trace elements like Cu, Zn, Se 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metal elements in Shangluo tea garden soil

Niu,

Zhang,

Han

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The study focused on analyzing the content characteristics of heavy metal elements in the soil of the Shangluo tea garden and conducting a risk assessment. The goal is to offer insights for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution, as well as the protection of the tea garden soil. A comprehensive investigation involved the collection of 165 soil samples from the primary tea production regions in Shangluo. The analysis included the examination of pH values and the concentrations of five heavy metal elements (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr). Pollution levels were evaluated through the utilization of the Nemerow Pollution Index and Geo-accumulation Index. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg in the soil within the research area were 18.99 mg/kg, 0.07 mg/kg, 67.03 mg/kg, 8.67 mg/kg, and 0.03 mg/kg, respectively. These values were all found to be lower than the background levels established for Shangluo soil. According to the single-factor pollution index and geo-accumulation index, the overall status of tea plantation soils in the study area was non-polluted. However, the evaluation based on the Nemerow Pollution Index indicated a mild pollution level due to the light pollution status of Cd, Cr, and Hg, with 87% of the soil samples classified as non-polluted and 12% as mildly polluted. When compared with the risk screening values for agricultural soil, the average concentrations of heavy metals in the examined tea plantation soils were found to be below the prescribed screening thresholds. Pearson correlation analysis and cluster analysis indicated that the heavy metal pollution in Shangluo tea plantation soils is predominantly influenced by natural sources. However, it is important not to disregard the escalating impact of anthropogenic sources. Overall, the tea plantation soils in Shangluo are in a clean state, but there is a risk of pollution with Cd, Cr, and Hg elements.

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Human Exposure Pathways

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Indoor/Outdoor Relationships between PM10 and Associated Organic Compounds in a Primary School

Indoor/Outdoor Relationships between PM10 and Associated Organic Compounds in a Primary School

Water, Water Everywhere, but Every Drop Unique: Challenges in the Science to Understand the Role of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Management of Drinking Water Supplies

Content characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metal elements in Shangluo tea garden soil

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