Human Ethology

Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Irenäus

doi:10.4324/9780203789544

Cited by 61 publications

(68 citation statements)

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“…The use of "fear" gasping faces to signal threat and intent to harm has been observed systematically in agonistic encounters across various small-scale societies (43). The same threat display has been ritualized in the form of Maori's traditional male posture dances (e.g., haka taparahi, peruperu) (44,45).…”

Section: Study 2: Threat Displays In the Trobriand Islands And A Westernmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these dances, puakana (i.e., facial expression) is used to induce fear and submission in the audience. The facial displays that Maoris produce in this ceremonial dances are "fear" gasping faces plus tongue protrusion, a variation on the standard threat display that implies threatening mockery (43) and is used to decrease the likelihood of an interactive friendly approach in humans and nonhuman primate species (46,47).…”

Section: Study 2: Threat Displays In the Trobriand Islands And A Westernmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fear gasping face as a threat display in a Melanesian society

Crivelli

Russell

Jarillo

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Theory and research show that humans attribute both emotions and intentions to others on the basis of facial behavior: A gasping face can be seen as showing "fear" and intent to submit. The assumption that such interpretations are pancultural derives largely from Western societies. Here, we report two studies conducted in an indigenous, small-scale Melanesian society with considerable cultural and visual isolation from the West: the Trobrianders of Papua New Guinea. Our multidisciplinary research team spoke the vernacular and had extensive prior fieldwork experience. In study 1, Trobriand adolescents were asked to attribute emotions, social motives, or both to a set of facial displays. Trobrianders showed a mixed and variable attribution pattern, although with much lower agreement than studies of Western samples. Remarkably, the gasping face (traditionally considered a display of fear and submission in the West) was consistently matched to two unpredicted categories: anger and threat. In study 2, adolescents were asked to select the face that was threatening; Trobrianders chose the "fear" gasping face whereas Spaniards chose an "angry" scowling face. Our findings, consistent with functional approaches to animal communication and observations made on threat displays in small-scale societies, challenge the Western assumption that "fear" gasping faces uniformly express fear or signal submission across cultures.behavioral ecology | facial behavior | indigenous societies | emotion | diversity

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Section: Study 2: Threat Displays In the Trobriand Islands And A Westernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study 2: Threat Displays In the Trobriand Islands And A Westernmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fear gasping face as a threat display in a Melanesian society

Crivelli

Russell

Jarillo

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…De otra parte, con el simbolismo y el arte, era fácil reconocer quiénes eran miembros del grupo y quiénes no. Adquirimos técnicas de guerra novedosas (la piedra era ya utilizada desde hace 430.000 años en los conflictos entre Homo erectus) 9 . Se dio un novedoso adelanto armamentístico: la piedra como proyectil; las lanzas arrojadas a distancia.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

¿Una nueva especie Homo?

Monroy

2016

RCB

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ResumenEn la eventualidad de que sea posible crear una nueva especie Homo «mejorada» en relación con nosotros, se debería recordar el paso de los cromañones en Europa y la extinción de los hombres de Neandertal. Ahora la pregunta es la de cómo -si pudiéramos hacerlo-podríamos seleccionar artificialmente los individuos de la nueva especie: ¿serían más bondadosos que nosotros? ¿Cooperarían entre sí más que nosotros? ¿Serían menos agresivos que nosotros? ¿Serían más agresivos que nosotros? ¿Habría que aislarlos reproductivamente de nosotros? Para cada una de estas preguntas se hace el análisis correspondiente, teniendo como referente nuestra historia evolutiva y cultural. Se puede responder a cada una de estas preguntas con un claro «no». Se concluye que una especie tan territorial y agresiva como la nuestra, con toda su cultura a su favor, no creará a sus sepultureros. Peleará por permanecer en la tierra, sin doblegarse a una nueva especie Homo.Palabras clave: Bioética, Neandertal, especie Homo mejorada, agresión disminuida, agresión acrecentada, cooperación, egoísmo, guerras constantes. Abstract In the event that a new and improved species of "Homo" could arise, we must keep in mind the colonization of

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“…As individuals interact with others, their beliefs and mores are formed through cultural transmission as discussed above in Section Two of this chapter (Dunbar, 1999;Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1989;Boyd & Richardson, 1985). Culture can spread in a population through this transmission.…”

Section: Strand Four: Personal and Civic Responsibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We know that genes are successful when they can be imitated and passed on to the next generation (Bickerton, 1996;Blakemore, 1999;Boyd & Richardson, 1985;Buss, 1999;Dawkins, 1976;Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1989). The test of time by the environment through competition will determine how long that gene's ancestry will survive; it could be several generations or several thousand (Smith, 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Life as a sober citizen : Aldo Leopold's Wildlife Ecology 118.

Theiss¹

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Human Ethology

Cited by 61 publications

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The fear gasping face as a threat display in a Melanesian society

The fear gasping face as a threat display in a Melanesian society

¿Una nueva especie Homo?

Life as a sober citizen : Aldo Leopold's Wildlife Ecology 118.

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