Human enterovirus 71 strains in the background population and in hospital patients in Finland

Honkanen, Hanna; Oikarinen, Sami; Pakkanen, Outi; Ruokoranta, Tanja; Pulkki, Minna M; Laitinen, Olli H.; Tauriainen, Sisko; Korpela, Sanna; Lappalainen, Maija; Vuorinen, Tytti; Haapala, Anna‐Maija; Veijola, Riitta; Simell, Olli; Ilonen, Jorma; Knip, Mikael; Hyöty, Heikki

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2012.11.018

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Total nucleic acids were extracted from this suspension for 4099 of the samples using a MagNa Pure extraction robot (Roche, Applied Science, Germany) and Total Nucleid Acid extraction kit (Roche) according to the manufacturer's protocol, and the extracted RNA was then reverse-transcribed, amplified and subjected to detection using a previously described PCR method [21]. The remaining 682 samples were extracted using Qiagen RNeasy 96 kit (Qiagen, Germany) and analysed using real-time RT-PCR using the QuantiTect Probe PCR Kit (Qiagen) as previously described [22]. The real-time PCR was performed according to the instructions on the QuantiTect Probe kit using TaqMan chemistry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of enteroviruses in stools precedes islet autoimmunity by several months: possible evidence for slowly operating mechanisms in virus-induced autoimmunity

et al. 2017

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Aims/hypothesis This case-control study was nested in a prospective birth cohort to evaluate whether the presence of enteroviruses in stools was associated with the appearance of islet autoimmunity in the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study in Finland. Methods Altogether, 1673 longitudinal stool samples from 129 case children who turned positive for multiple islet autoantibodies and 3108 stool samples from 282 matched control children were screened for the presence of enterovirus RNA using RT-PCR. Viral genotype was detected by sequencing.Results Case children had more enterovirus infections than control children (0.8 vs 0.6 infections per child). Timedependent analysis indicated that this excess of infections occurred more than 1 year before the first detection of islet autoantibodies (6.3 vs 2.1 infections per 10 follow-up years). No such difference was seen in infections occurring less than 1 year before islet autoantibody seroconversion or after seroconversion. The most frequent enterovirus types included coxsackievirus A4 (28% of genotyped viruses), coxsackievirus A2 (14%) and coxsackievirus A16 (11%). Conclusions/interpretationThe results suggest that enterovirus infections diagnosed by detecting viral RNA in stools are Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of enteroviruses in stools precedes islet autoimmunity by several months: possible evidence for slowly operating mechanisms in virus-induced autoimmunity

et al. 2017

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“…Enterovirus RNA was assayed using the QuantiTect Probe RT-PCR Kit (Qiagen), using 900 nM primers and 300 nM probes (as reported in a previous Finnish study [13]). The combination of primers and probes reacts with an equal sensitivity to human Enterovirus A-D species (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enterovirus detection over the whole observation period The median number of samples tested for enterovirus per child was six (range [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and 55 participants (40.1%) had at least one positive sample during follow-up. Forty participants (29.2%) had one enterovirus RNA-positive blood sample during follow-up, 13 (9.5%) participants had two positive samples and two (1.5%) participants had three positive samples.…”

Section: Enterovirus In Blood and Islet Autoimmunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterovirus RNA in longitudinal blood samples and risk of islet autoimmunity in children with a high genetic risk of type 1 diabetes: the MIDIA study

et al. 2014

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“…The human virus genera indicated by NGS were systematically retested using virus-specific primers and probes in onetube real-time RT-PCR assays (or DNA real-time PCR) as described (7)(8)(9)(10). The testing was performed from the nucleic acid extracts, which served as the starting material for the NGS, and from the final libraries before pooling and sequencing.…”

Section: Specific Quantitative Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Virome Sequencing in Children With Early Islet Autoimmunity

et al. 2015

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OBJECTIVEThis study used next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies to characterize the gut virome at the onset of islet autoimmunity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a case-control study nested within the Finnish Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) cohort. The stool virome in 19 case children, who turned islet autoantibody positive before the age of 2 years and later developed clinical type 1 diabetes, and 19 tightly matched control subjects was analyzed using NGS performed from stool samples collected 3, 6, and 9 months before the onset of islet autoimmunity. Human virus findings were verified using real-time PCR. RESULTSOne or more human viruses were present in 10.4% and bacteriophages were in 54% of the samples. The virome composition showed no association with islet autoimmunity. NGS was less sensitive and specific than real-time PCR. CONCLUSIONSThe present data suggest no dramatic changes in the gut virome shortly before the emergence of islet autoimmunity and emphasize the need of verification of mass sequencing results when viral exposure is assessed in association studies.

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Human enterovirus 71 strains in the background population and in hospital patients in Finland

Cited by 35 publications

References 38 publications

Detection of enteroviruses in stools precedes islet autoimmunity by several months: possible evidence for slowly operating mechanisms in virus-induced autoimmunity

Detection of enteroviruses in stools precedes islet autoimmunity by several months: possible evidence for slowly operating mechanisms in virus-induced autoimmunity

Enterovirus RNA in longitudinal blood samples and risk of islet autoimmunity in children with a high genetic risk of type 1 diabetes: the MIDIA study

Gut Virome Sequencing in Children With Early Islet Autoimmunity

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