Human enteric viruses in Coquina clams associated with a large hepatitis A outbreak

Bosch, Albert; Sánchez, Glòria; Guyader, F. Le; Vanaclocha, Herme; Haugarreau, L.; Pintó, Rosa M.

doi:10.2166/wst.2001.0712

Cited by 84 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Because shellfish are filter feeders, the concentration of viruses accumulated in their edible tissues may be much higher than that in the surrounding water (1). Consumption of shellfish harvested from enteric virus-contaminated waters often has led to human outbreaks (17,18,102).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Viruses of Humans and Animals in Aquatic Environments: Health Risks, Detection, and Potential Water Quality Assessment Tools

Fong

Lipp

2005

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

624

450

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Waterborne enteric viruses threaten both human and animal health. These pathogens are host specific and cause a wide range of diseases and symptoms in humans or other animals. While considerable research has documented the risk of enteric viruses to human health from contact with contaminated water, the current bacterial indicator-based methods for evaluation of water quality are often ineffectual proxies for pathogenic viruses. Additionally, relatively little work has specifically investigated the risk of waterborne viruses to animal health, and this risk currently is not addressed by routine water quality assessments. Nonetheless, because of their host specificity, enteric viruses can fulfill a unique role both for assessing health risks and as measures of contamination source in a watershed, yet the use of animal, as well as human, host-specific viruses in determining sources of fecal pollution has received little attention. With improved molecular detection assays, viruses from key host groups can be targeted directly using PCR amplification or hybridization with a high level of sensitivity and specificity. A multispecies viral analysis would provide needed information for controlling pollution by source, determining human health risks based on assessments of human virus loading and exposure, and determining potential risks to production animal health and could indicate the potential for the presence of other zoonotic pathogens. While there is a need to better understand the prevalence and environmental distribution of nonhuman enteric viruses, the development of improved methods for specific and sensitive detection will facilitate the use of these microbes for library-independent source tracking and water quality assessment tools

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric Viruses of Humans and Animals in Aquatic Environments: Health Risks, Detection, and Potential Water Quality Assessment Tools

Fong

Lipp

2005

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

624

450

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In fact, HAV and other viruses are readily identified in shellfish harvested in certain European regions (3,10,17,29,31). HAV-contaminated shellfish have caused significant outbreaks of human disease (5,11,22). Furthermore, global trade of virally contaminated shellfish has resulted in outbreaks and dissemination of HAV and other exotic virus strains to geographic areas where they are not endemic (5,19,27,35,36).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Pressure Inactivation of Hepatitis A Virus within Oysters

Calci

Meade

Tezloff

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

131

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, J. Food Prot. 65:1605-1609, 2002); however, direct evaluation of HAV inactivation within contaminated oysters was not performed. In this study, we report confirmation that HAV within contaminated shellfish is inactivated by HHP. Shellfish were initially contaminated with HAV by using a flowthrough system. PFU reductions of >1, >2, and >3 log 10 were observed for 1-min treatments at 350, 375, and 400 megapascals, respectively, within a temperature range of 8.7 to 10.3°C. Bioconcentration of nearly 6 log 10 PFU of HAV per oyster was achieved under simulated natural conditions. These results suggest that HHP treatment of raw shellfish will be a viable strategy for the reduction of infectious HAV.

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“…In outbreaks 2 and 3, norovirus strain GGI. 3 Birmingham was implicated as the causative viral agent, which is less well-amplified with these primers and therefore the alternative primer set JV12BH and NVP110 was used. The number of food items implicated in one outbreak ranged from 2 to 17 (Table 4).…”

Section: Seeding Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transmission has occurred by person-to-person contact (6) and through contaminated water (10,19) and food (20,36,37). Most of the food items implicated in these outbreaks are raw or uncooked, such as oysters, mussels, fruits, vegetables, sandwiches, dairy products, baked products, and salads, which are associated with high risks of infection (3,9,18,20,27,39,40). These foods are most likely contaminated through sewage-contaminated surface water or by infected food handlers during harvesting, packaging, or food preparation (9,35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Noroviruses in Foods: A Study on Virus Extraction Procedures in Foods Implicated in Outbreaks of Human Gastroenteritis

Rutjes

Lodder-Verschoor

Poel

et al. 2006

Journal of Food Protection

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Disease outbreaks in which foods are epidemiologically implicated as the common source are frequently reported. Noroviruses and enteric hepatitis A viruses are among the most prevalent causative agents of foodborne diseases. However, the detection of these viruses in foods other than shellfish is often time-consuming and unsuccessful. In this study, three virus concentration methods were compared: polyethylene glycol (PEG) plus NaCl, ultracentrifugation, and ultrafiltration. Two RNA extraction methods, TRIzol and RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen), were compared for detection of viruses in whipped cream and lettuce (as representatives of the dairy and vegetable-fruit food groups, respectively). A seeding experiment with canine calicivirus was conducted to determine the efficiency of each virus extraction procedure. The PEG-NaCl-TRIzol method was most efficient for the detection of viruses in whipped cream and the ultracentrifugation-RNeasy-Mini Kit procedure was best for detection on lettuce. Based on the seeding experiments, food items implicated in norovirus-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks were subjected to the optimal procedure for a specific composition and matrix. No noroviruses were detected in the implicated food items, possibly because the concentration of virus on the food item was too low or because of the presence of inhibitory factors. For each food group, a specific procedure is optimal. Inhibitory factors should be controlled in these procedures because they influence virus detection in food.

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Human enteric viruses in Coquina clams associated with a large hepatitis A outbreak

Cited by 84 publications

References 13 publications

Enteric Viruses of Humans and Animals in Aquatic Environments: Health Risks, Detection, and Potential Water Quality Assessment Tools

Enteric Viruses of Humans and Animals in Aquatic Environments: Health Risks, Detection, and Potential Water Quality Assessment Tools

High-Pressure Inactivation of Hepatitis A Virus within Oysters

Detection of Noroviruses in Foods: A Study on Virus Extraction Procedures in Foods Implicated in Outbreaks of Human Gastroenteritis

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