Human endeavor for anti-SARS-CoV-2 pharmacotherapy: A major strategy to fight the pandemic

Wang, Ruixuan; Stephen, Preyesh; Tao, Yi; Zhang, Wenfa; Lin, Szu-Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111232

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…As of 1 June 2021, CoV has invaded 233 countries, areas, or territories, with the number of confirmed cases reaching 170,448,610 and deaths amounting to more than 3,500,000 worldwide (WHO, 2021a ). Although 1,638,006,899 vaccine doses have been administered (WHO, 2021b ), their effective duration is uncertain due to the high mutation rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 (the etiological agent of COVID‐19; Cohen, 2019 ; Cui et al., 2019 ; Dawood, 2020 ; Del Rio & Camacho‐Ortiz, 2020 ; Masters, 2006 ; Su et al., 2016 ; Wang et al., 2021 ), and patients who recovered after infection are also at risk of reinfection (Ozaras et al., 2020 ; To et al., 2020 ). Thus, COVID‐19 remains a serious problem for all humanity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although vaccination has been widely promoted, the situation with COVID‐19 is still difficult as the virus continues to mutate (Cui et al., 2019 ; Dawood, 2020 ; Masters, 2006 ; Su et al., 2016 ; Wang et al., 2021 ). If COVID‐19 outbreaks are seasonally dependent, then we need to be vigilant about the second outbreak under suitable climatic conditions and avoid a lax attitude, because such a phenomenon is often more destructive than the first (Engelbrecht & Scholes, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Evidence Showing the Possible Effect of Environmental Variables on COVID‐19 Spread

et al. 2022

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Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) remains a serious issue, and the role played by meteorological indicators in the process of virus spread has been a topic of academic discussion. Previous studies reached different conclusions due to inconsistent methods, disparate meteorological indicators, and specific time periods or regions. This manuscript is based on seven daily meteorological indicators in the NCEP reanalysis data set and COVID‐19 data repository of Johns Hopkins University from 22 January 2020 to 1 June 2021. Results showed that worldwide average temperature and precipitable water (PW) had the strongest correlation ( ρ > 0.9, p < 0.001) with the confirmed COVID‐19 cases per day from 22 January to 31 August 2020. From 22 January to 31 August 2020, positive correlations were observed between the temperature/PW and confirmed COVID‐19 cases/deaths in the northern hemisphere, whereas negative correlations were recorded in the southern hemisphere. From 1 September to 31 December 2020, the opposite results were observed. Correlations were weak throughout the near full year, and weak negative correlations were detected worldwide (| ρ | < 0.4, p ≤ 0.05); the lag time had no obvious effect. As the latitude increased, the temperature and PW of the maximum confirmed COVID‐19 cases/deaths per day generally showed a decreasing trend; the 2020‐year fitting functions of the response latitude pattern were verified by the 2021 data. Meteorological indicators, although not a decisive factor, may influence the virus spread by affecting the virus survival rates and enthusiasm of human activities. The temperature or PW threshold suitable for the spread of COVID‐19 may increase as the latitude decreases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Evidence Showing the Possible Effect of Environmental Variables on COVID‐19 Spread

et al. 2022

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“…As the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 has a key role in the receptor recognition and cell membrane fusion process, it is being targeted by antiviral drugs [61,62]. Several SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors such as monoclonal antibodies, recombinant peptides and proteins, and small molecule antivirals, as well as repurposed drugs are being evaluated.…”

Section: Novel Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervention Strategies for Seasonal and Emerging Respiratory Viruses with Drugs and Vaccines Targeting Viral Surface Glycoproteins

Tripp

Stambas

2021

Viruses

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Vaccines and therapeutics targeting viral surface glycoproteins are a major component of disease prevention for respiratory viral diseases. Over the years, vaccines have proven to be the most successful intervention for preventing disease. Technological advances in vaccine platforms that focus on viral surface glycoproteins have provided solutions for current and emerging pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, and our understanding of the structural basis for antibody neutralization is guiding the selection of other vaccine targets for respiratory viruses like RSV. This review discusses the role of viral surface glycoproteins in disease intervention approaches.

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“…Moreover, various mutations on the SARS-CoV-2 genome indicate the need for drugs besides vaccines. Treatment approaches are divided into two broad categories according to the targets: (1) inhibition of enzymes involved in viral pathogenesis and (2) inhibition of lung injury that happens due to inflammation by immune system modulation [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theta-Defensins to Counter COVID-19 as Furin Inhibitors: In Silico Efficiency Prediction and Novel Compound Design

Negahdaripour

Rahbar

Mosalanejad

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Dec. 2019. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the cell membrane through spike proteins on its surface and infects the cell. Furin, a host-cell enzyme, possesses a binding site for the spike protein. Thus, molecules that block furin could potentially be a therapeutic solution. Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that can hypothetically inhibit furin because of their arginine-rich structure. Theta-defensins, a subclass of defensins, have attracted attention as drug candidates due to their small size, unique structure, and involvement in several defense mechanisms. Theta-defensins could be a potential treatment for COVID-19 through furin inhibition and an anti-inflammatory mechanism. Note that inflammatory events are a significant and deadly condition that could happen at the later stages of COVID-19 infection. Here, the potential of theta-defensins against SARS-CoV-2 infection was investigated through in silico approaches. Based on docking analysis results, theta-defensins can function as furin inhibitors. Additionally, a novel candidate peptide against COVID-19 with optimal properties regarding antigenicity, stability, electrostatic potential, and binding strength was proposed. Further in vitro/in vivo investigations could verify the efficiency of the designed novel peptide.

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Human endeavor for anti-SARS-CoV-2 pharmacotherapy: A major strategy to fight the pandemic

Cited by 7 publications

References 104 publications

Novel Evidence Showing the Possible Effect of Environmental Variables on COVID‐19 Spread

Novel Evidence Showing the Possible Effect of Environmental Variables on COVID‐19 Spread

Intervention Strategies for Seasonal and Emerging Respiratory Viruses with Drugs and Vaccines Targeting Viral Surface Glycoproteins

Theta-Defensins to Counter COVID-19 as Furin Inhibitors: In Silico Efficiency Prediction and Novel Compound Design

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