Human, donkey and cow milk differently affects energy efficiency and inflammatory state by modulating mitochondrial function and gut microbiota

Trinchese, Giovanna; Cavaliere, Gina; Canani, Roberto Berni; Matamoros, Sébastien; Bergamo, Paolo; Filippo, Chiara De; Aceto, Serena; Gaita, Marcello; Pellegrino, C.; Negri, Rossella; Greco, Luigi; Cani, Patrice D.; Mollica, Maria Pina

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.003

Cited by 77 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Amiata donkey milk could be considered as a diet food due to the low-fat content, compared to the average fat percentages of bovine and human breast milk. These characteristics along with the low energy value and hypolipidemic effects (Trinchese et al , 2015) make donkey milk potentially exploitable for people suffering from obesity or cardio-vascular problems. n6:n3 ratio (1.65) in our study was lower compared to conventional and organic cow milk (5.77 and 2.28, respectively) (Benbrook et al , 2013): this is a positive feature according the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, which recommends in adults diets an increased consumption of n3 fatty acids (Vannice and Rasmussen, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality

Ragona¹,

Corrias²,

Benedetti³

et al. 2016

Ital J Food Safety

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This study presents an investigation of Amiata donkey health and quality of milk for human consumption. Thirty-one lactating dairy jennies were examined. The following samples were collected: faecal samples from the rectum of animals for parasitological examination; cervical swabs for the detection of bacteria causing reproductive disorders; and blood samples for serological diagnosis of main zoonotic (Brucella spp., Leptospira spp.) and donkey abortion agents (Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., Salmonella abortus equi, Equine viral arterithis virus, Equine herpesvirus type 1). In addition, individual milk samples were collected and analysed for mastitis-causing pathogens and milk quality. Regarding animal health, we detected a high prevalence of strongyle parasites in donkeys. It is very important to tackle parasitic diseases correctly. Selective control programmes are preferable in order to reduce anthelmintic drug use. For dairy donkeys, withdrawal periods from anthelmintic drugs need to be carefully managed, in accordance with EU and national regulations. The isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in milk highlights the importance of preventing contamination during milking, by adopting appropriate hygiene and safety practices at a farm level. Lysozyme activity was high compared to cow’s milk, contributing to the inhibitory activity against certain bacteria. Donkey milk was characterised by high lactose content, low caseins, low fat, higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids compared to ruminant milks. Unsaturated fatty acids and omega 3 fatty acids in particular have become known for their beneficial health effect, which is favourable for human diet. These characteristics make it suitable for infants and children affected by food intolerance/allergies to bovine milk proteins and multiple food allergies as well as for adults with dyslipidemias. It is also recommended to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interest in donkey milk has recently increased, especially in Europe, as it represents an alternative food in cases of bovine milk proteins allergy and in the prevention of metabolic pathologies (Trinchese et al , 2015). Donkey milk has a somewhat similar chemical composition to human milk (Vincenzetti et al , 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality

Ragona¹,

Corrias²,

Benedetti³

et al. 2016

Ital J Food Safety

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“…Marked epigenetic changes have been observed in the intestine of preterm infants [40], and in a pig model enteral feeding has been linked with epigenetic changes causing the upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes [41]. In addition, the type of enteral feed can also interact with the other risk factors described below, such as the gut microbiome [42] and intestinal blood flow [43]. …”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Research on the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

2017

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Despite decades of research on necrotizing enterocolitis, we still do not fully understand the pathogenesis of the disease, or how to prevent or how to treat it. However, as a result of recent significant advances in the microbiology, molecular biology, and cell biology of the intestine of preterm infants and infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, there is some hope that research into this devastating disease will yield some important translation into effective prevention, more rapid diagnosis, and novel therapies.

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“…This is due to the fact that donkey milk has been demonstrated to be a useful substitute for children who are affected by allergies to the milk proteins of cows, or who suffer from multiple food intolerances (Monti et al, 2007; Monti et al, 2012). It has recently been demonstrated in vivo that dietary supplementation with donkey milk can result in a decrease in the inflammatory status of Wistar rats used as an animal model, and that this decrease is in turn associated with an improvement in the lipid and glucose metabolism, compared to a diet supplemented with bovine milk (Trinchese et al, 2015). Donkey milk also has a long tradition of cosmetic use (Faye & Konuspayeva, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A functional approach to the body condition assessment of lactating donkeys as a tool for welfare evaluation

Valle

Raspa

Giribaldi

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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BackgroundThe breeding of lactating donkeys is increasing in Western Europe; with it the evaluation of body condition is growing in importance since it is considered a key principle for their welfare. However, assessment of body condition is a complex task, since several factors are involved. The aim of the present study is to investigate which animal-based indicators are the most reliable to describe the body condition of lactating donkeys. For this purpose, new animal-based indicators, which are easy to measure in field conditions (including body measurements, fatty neck score (FNS), dental score), are recorded and their relationship with BCS (a proxy measure for overall adiposity) was assessed. The ones that reveal an association with the BCS are included in an integrated principal component analysis to understand which are the most related to BCS.MethodsFifty-three healthy lactating donkeys of various breeds, including 7 Martina Franca, 10 Ragusano, 2 Romagnolo and 34 crossbreeds, were evaluated. The animal-based indicators that were recorded were: length (OP, olecranon tuber-pinbone and SH, shoulder-hip), heart girth (HG), abdominal circumference (AC), neck length (NL), neck height (NH) and neck thickness (NT) at 0.50 and neck circumference (NC) at 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75, body condition score (BCS) and fatty neck score (FNS). The owners’ evaluation of the BCS was also considered. A dental assessment was performed and the month of lactation and age of each animal was recorded.ResultsNo correlation was found between BCS and the other morphometric body measurements. On the contrary the FNS was correlated with the morphometric measurements of the neck (positive correlation to 0.50 NH and 0.50 NT, 0.50 NC, 0.75 mean NC, and negative correlation to the mean NC:NH and mean NC:NT, 0.50 NC:NT and 0.50 NC:NH ratios). A significant inverse relationship was identified between BCS and dental score. A Principal Component analysis (PCA) separated the BCS classes on the first principal component (PC1). PC1 revealed a meaningful positive correlation between the BCS and the neck measurements (NT, NH and FNS), with high positive loadings, while a negative correlation was found for dental abnormalities. The owners’ evaluation of BCS was different from the expert evaluator’ assessment, since they tended to give higher score that was slightly but significantly correlated to AC.DiscussionA new scoring system, called Fatty Neck Score (FNS), has been proposed for the judgement of the adiposity status of donkey neck. The results suggest that caregivers might use the proposed animal based indicators (BCS, FNS and dental scores) together as a tool for the evaluation of the body condition of lactating donkeys. Our findings highlight that caregivers need to be trained in order to be able to properly record these indicators. Ultimately use of these indicators may help to improve the welfare of lactating donkeys.

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Human, donkey and cow milk differently affects energy efficiency and inflammatory state by modulating mitochondrial function and gut microbiota

Cited by 77 publications

References 54 publications

Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality

Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality

Current Research on the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

A functional approach to the body condition assessment of lactating donkeys as a tool for welfare evaluation

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