Human dietary exposure and levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) in free-range eggs close to a secondary aluminum smelter, Northern Italy

Squadrone, Stefania; Brizio, Paola; Nespoli, R.; Stella, Caterina; Abete, Maria Cesarina

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.07.048

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Whereas the waste dump is a potential source of pollutants in the soil due to percolation of liquid, both the waste incinerator and the aluminum smelter are air emitters due to industrial combustion processes. In the case of study area 3, the environmental contamination was already confirmed in previous studies (Colombo et al 2011; Squadrone et al 2015), whereas in the case of study areas 1 and 2, there was neither evidence nor anecdotal report about the presence of pollutants in water or soil which was of great concern among the people living in the surrounding areas.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 59%

Application of a risk-based standardized animal biomonitoring approach to contaminated sites

Scaramozzino

Battisti

Desiato

et al. 2019

Environ Monit Assess

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Biomonitoring has been used to disclose the public health impact of contaminated sites. This study aimed at setting up good practices to apply biomonitoring targeting animal matrixes to design risk-based surveillance and exposure assessment plans. A nine-step protocol targeting farmed animals was devised and tested in three case study areas including (1) a waste dump, (2) a waste incinerator, and (3) a secondary aluminum smelter. Between 2010 and 2012, in each study area, the following 9step best practices were applied: hazard identification, GIS project creation, risk area delimitation, control area selection, receptors (livestock) identification, farms and matrixes selection, sampling study design, on-farm secondary sources exclusion, and statistical and geostatistical analysis. Dairy farms and free-range laying hens were the primary targets: eggs from both risk and control areas and milk from risk areas were sampled and submitted for detection of selected tracking contaminants compatible with the putative sources. Comparison data (risk vs. control) of heavy metal concentrations in eggs were available only for case study 2, whereas egg comparison data of persistent organic pollutants were available for all the riskcontrol pairs. After taking into account potential secondary sources, no concern from metals was arisen, whereas high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants were detected in all risk areas; however, only for the aluminum smelter case study, the contamination was broad and higher in the risk area compared with the control one. The protocol has proved to be easily applicable and flexible to varying contexts and able to provide helpful data to inform risk management decisions.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 59%

Application of a risk-based standardized animal biomonitoring approach to contaminated sites

Scaramozzino

Battisti

Desiato

et al. 2019

Environ Monit Assess

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“…During the chemical production of these herbicides, trace amounts of dioxins were formed. Dioxins are persistent and have a great impact on human health even at very low concentrations (Van den Berg et al, 2006;Squadrone et al, 2015). Bien Hoa airbase in South Vietnam was an important airbase during the United States military operation called Operation Ranch Hand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating Biodegradation Kinetics of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4,5-T) to the Dynamics of Microbial Communities Originating From Soil in Vietnam Contaminated With Herbicides

Nguyễn

Dang

Koekkoek

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Cities

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We determined the degradation rates of the herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T by two different bacterial communities. One of these originated from soil heavily contaminated with herbicides from Bien Hoa airbase, the other from the same soil but amended with additional carbon and Gibbs energy sources. The community from the contaminated, but untreated, soil degraded both 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T within 5 days of cultivation. The one from the amended soil, however, hardly showed any degradation of the compounds throughout 23 days of cultivation. After refreshment of the medium and prolonged culturing, however, this community degraded both herbicides within 25 days with progressively increasing rates. nMDS analysis revealed a highly significant differentiation pattern of the two communities. Cultures inoculated with amended soil showed a significant increase of Bacillus and Paenibacillus upon prolonged exposure to the herbicides. The succession in the culture from untreated soil, on the other hand, was dominated by species from the Proteobacteria. We were able to isolate two of them and they were shown to be related to Bordetella petrii and Sphingomonas histidinilytica, successively. Subsequent PCR analyses of their DNA revealed the presence of key genes involved in the degradation of the herbicides. This study provides a more fundamental understanding of the biodegradation of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T by displaying part of the bacterial community succession during their breakdown allowing a comprehensive view on potential key degraders.

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“…Many studies have been carried out to evaluate the dietary exposure to these POPs worldwide lending, in general, greater attention to more toxic dl-PCBs than ndl-PCBs. Also, in Italy, the volume of existing data for iPCBs is limited and predominantly referred to contamination of fishery products [4][5][6][7][8] and milk [3,[9][10][11][12], while the other foods have been the subject of very few investigations, although some of them showed levels of contamination often exceeding the established limits for human consumption [13][14][15][16]. For example, the results obtained from the analyses of meat and hen egg samples from two regions of Southern Italy, Apulia [13] and Campania [16], revealed iPCB concentrations above maximum permissible limits set by the European Union.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update of Indicator PCB Levels in Food in Southern Italy: Assessment of the Dietary Exposure for Adult and Elderly Population

Barone

Storelli

Garofalo

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Quality

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The levels of non-dioxin-like PCB indicators (iPCBs 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180) were determined in food samples (seafood, meat and processed meat, milk and dairy products, hen eggs, olive oil, and other fats) to evaluate the exposure of adult and elderly population. iPCB levels in samples were in the following order: fishery products > meat and processed meat > milk and dairy products > olive oil and other fats. None of the samples had concentrations above the maximum permissible limits for human consumption established by the European Union legislation, except for salami samples. The dietary intake for the total population was 12.33 ng·kg−1 bw·d−1, while depending on the sex/age groups, exposure was estimated between 9.60 and 12.11 ng·kg−1 bw·d−1, with seafood being the major contributor. The exposure scenario indicates that further efforts must still be carried out to protect the consumer from these harmful chemicals.

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Human dietary exposure and levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) in free-range eggs close to a secondary aluminum smelter, Northern Italy

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

Application of a risk-based standardized animal biomonitoring approach to contaminated sites

Application of a risk-based standardized animal biomonitoring approach to contaminated sites

Correlating Biodegradation Kinetics of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4,5-T) to the Dynamics of Microbial Communities Originating From Soil in Vietnam Contaminated With Herbicides

Update of Indicator PCB Levels in Food in Southern Italy: Assessment of the Dietary Exposure for Adult and Elderly Population

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