“…Reasons vary between contexts and are recognised to be a complex combination of economic and sociocultural issues. These include school location, absent parents, religious beliefs, inadequate resources, irrelevant curriculum, hunger, poverty, early marriage and teenage pregnancy (Chinyoka, 2014;Dakwa, Chiome, & Chabaya, 2014;Mandina, 2013;Mawere, 2012;Moyo, Ncube, & Khuphe, 2016;Mukwambo, 2019;Ngwenya, 2016), with financial constraints repeatedly reported as the most significant. These findings align with largescale GEC data (, 2018b).…”