Human cytomegalovirus gB genotype distribution among HIV infected patients from Pretoria

Abstract

Background: Dengue infection occurs among more than 50 million annually. In India, the case fatality rate is up to 3-5%. Early diagnosis is crucial to the clinical care. However the currently recommended diagnostic tests by WHO is costly, time consuming, labor and technologically demanding which may not be available in the resource limited set up where the large burden of dengue related illness occur.This study evaluated the role of immunochromatographic method based rapid diagnostic test kits (RDT) and costeffectiveness for the diagnosis of acute dengue infection.Methods & Materials: 281 adult patients presenting to Christian Medical College, Vellore, India with community acquired acute febrile illness between September 2012 to February 2013 were recruited for the study. The patients with other proven etiology were used as negative control. 132 cases of dengue and 149 cases of non-dengue infection were enrolled. The RDTs tested from 4 manufacturers were Panbio, SD, J.Mitra and Reckon. SPSS version 16.0.1 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Performance of the RDTs based on IgM: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of Panbio, SD, Reckon and J.Mitra. The inter-rater kappa agreement between Panbio with SD duo of 0.54 was found to be moderate. Performance of the RDTs based on NS1 detection:The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the SD, Reckon, and J.Mitra. The inter-rater kappa agreement between SD with Reckon of 0.79 was found to be best and substantial.Combination of RDTs: the best sensitivity of 99.2% was achieved by testing Panbio and SD in parallel. The best specificity of 99.9% and 100% respectively was obtained when Reckon with Panbio or SD was performed in series.None of the RDTs could not adequately differentiate between acute primary and secondary dengue. Conclusion:In the region of high dengue endemicity, Panbio RDT alone is highly sensitive, cost effective (∼13.6 USD), easier to perform and shorter turnover time makes it a test of choice in resource limited set up during an outbreak season.

Analysis of the relationship between human cytomegalovirus DNA and gB-1 genotype in the saliva of HIV/AIDS patients with xerostomia and salivary flow rate

“…[12][13][14][15] The gB genotype distribution among HIV/AIDS patients has been extensively studied with varying results. [16][17][18] The responsibility of HCMV for a variety of diseases, including salivary gland dysfunction, with the most common symptom being xerostomia in HIV/AIDS patients, has been widely investigated. [19][20][21][22] Xerostomia is the subjective sensation of a dry mouth usually associated with low salivary flow rate (hyposalivation).…”