Human cutaneous mast cells–a study of fixative and staining reactions in normal skin

Markey, Andrew C.; Churchill, Linda J.; Macdonald, D.M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01347.x

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Brains were fixed with 4% (wt/vol) paraformaldehyde/0.1% glutaraldehyde. Vibratome sections (50 unm) were stained in 1% (wt/vol) alcian blue and counterstained using 0.5% safranin (16 (wt/vol) 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (Sigma) (17). These brains were cut on a cryostat (30 ,um (21), and administered in 7 pl of avian saline over 7 min at the time of pairing via an indwelling cannula in the lateral ventricle (22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast cells with gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity in the brain of doves.

Silverman

Millar

King

et al. 1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Using an antiserum (LR-1) raised against mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), we previously identified a nonneuronal cell that was more numerous in the medial habenula (MB) of courting ring doves than in individuals housed in visual isolation. The current studies suggest that they are mast cells. Both acidic toluidine blue and toluidine blue dissolved in water/butanediol revealed metachromatic cells with a distribution and morphology similar to that obtained by immunostaining with the GnRH antiserum in the MH. Some cells had granules reactive to safranin in the presence of alcian blue, indicative of a highly sulfated proteoglycan of the heparin family. Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated that all MB cells containing GnRH-like immunoreactivity contained histamine, another mast cell marker.The GnRH-immunoreactive cells had a unilobular, ovoid nucleus. Secretory granules within the cells were electron dense and displayed a variety of internal structures. Fine filamentous processes appeared evenly distributed on the cell surface whether cells were located on the pial surface or within the brain parenchyma. All of these features are characteristic of mast cells. To test whether the epitope recognized by the GnRH antiserum was produced by the mast cells or endocytosed from the cerebrospinal fluid, an iodinated GnRH analog was infected intracerebroventricularly at the initiation of courtship. Radioautography revealed no radioactive cells in the brain, indicating that the GnRH antibody recognized a molecule synthesized by the nonneuronal cells rather than internalized by a receptormediated mechanism. These observations suggest an interaction between a component of the immune network and specific regions of the central nervous system.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast cells with gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity in the brain of doves.

Silverman

Millar

King

et al. 1994

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For quantifying mastocytosis within the large intestine, ϳ3 mm of gut was taken from the cecal tip of each animal and fixed in Carnoys fluid (39). This tissue was embedded in wax, sectioned at 5 m, dewaxed, and stained in toluidine blue (BDH) for 24 h. Mastocytosis was assessed as the number of mast cells per 20 crypt units; mast cells were counted in two sections per animal.…”

Section: Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ageing on the Immunoregulation of Parasitic Infection

Humphreys

Grencis

2002

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The plethora of changes associated with immunosenescence radically alters virtually all aspects of immune responsiveness. How this transformation effects resolution of an infectious challenge is addressed in this study. A well-established infection model was used; Trichuris muris, a cecum-dwelling helminth, is natural to mice, and infection in different strains results in clearly polarized responses. A dominating T helper 2 (Th2) response orchestrates immunity, whereas a Th1 response will result in susceptibility. Mice between 19 and 28 months old were more susceptible to infection, whereas 3-month-old mice of the same strain demonstrated the resistant phenotype. The cytokine response made by these aged mice was clearly altered at the site of infection, and within the local draining lymph nodes higher Th1 and lower Th2 cytokine levels were found, both at the protein and RNA level. Confirming these changes, aged mice also showed a delayed parasite-specific immunoglobulin G1 response and intestinal mastocytosis, both of which are driven by Th2 cytokines. To address possible causes of the observed immune deviation, purified CD4 cells from both young and aged mice were stimulated in vitro. Cells from aged mice did not respond to stimulation via CD28 and in vitro were less able to proliferate and polarize into Th2 cells; Th1 polarization was found to be normal. Together these data suggest that changes in cytokine phenotype, particularly CD4 cells, contribute to the observed age-associated switch from T. muris resistance to susceptibility.

show abstract

“…The observed loss of metachromatic stain ing with formaldehyde-based fixatives for a popula tion of mast cells has provided important evidence for the heterogeneity of this cell type. Most mast cells are sensitive to formaldehyde fixation in the lung [10], nose [11,12], and intestinal mucosa [13][14][15], whereas skin mast cells are considerably more resistant [12,[16][17][18], There is further anatomical variation in the histochemical properties of these cells within organ structures. In the lung it has been reported that the staining of most mast cells in bronchial epithelium, lamina propria, and parenchyma is abolished by prior formaldehyde fixation, while those in the bron chial submucosa are relatively unaffected [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical Heterogeneity of Human Mast Cells: Disease-Related Differences in Mast Cell Subsets Recovered by Bronchoalveolar Lavage

Walls

Roberts

Godfrey

et al. 1990

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fixation and staining characteristics were studied for mast cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from 67 patients being investigated for lung disease. The number of toluidine blue stained mast cells in formaldehyde-fixed cytocentrifuge preparations was consistently less than in specimens fixed in Carnoy’s solution, though the counts were highly dependent on the period of fixation or staining. The cellular histamine content closely correlated with total mast cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but was not related to the relative proportions of mast cells which were sensitive or resistant to formaldehyde fixation when using a standard protocol. Compared with normal subjects, the numbers of formaldehyde-sensitive mast cells were significantly elevated in patients with bronchial carcinoma, sarcoidosis, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, and mycobacterial infection and were particularly high in the cases of interstitial lung disease. An even greater increase in numbers of formaldehyde-resistant mast cells was observed in the patients with sarcoidosis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. The associations of these mast cell subsets with disease may reflect relationships between the expansion of the formaldehyde-sensitive population and lymphocyte infiltration and between proliferation of formaldehyde-resistant mast cells and tissue fibrosis.

show abstract

Human cutaneous mast cells–a study of fixative and staining reactions in normal skin

Cited by 39 publications

References 14 publications

Mast cells with gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity in the brain of doves.

Mast cells with gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity in the brain of doves.

Effects of Ageing on the Immunoregulation of Parasitic Infection

Histochemical Heterogeneity of Human Mast Cells: Disease-Related Differences in Mast Cell Subsets Recovered by Bronchoalveolar Lavage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About