Human corticotropin-releasing hormone in depression—correlation with thyrotropin secretion following thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Holsboer, Florian; Gerken, A.; Bardeleben, U. von; Grimm, W.; Beyer, H S; Müller, Otto; Stalla, G. K.

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(86)90121-6

Cited by 120 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The adrenal cortex is indeed hyperesponsive in depressed patients, so that cortisol responses to ACTH administration are exaggerated [82,83] and cortisol responses to C R F are normal in the face of a diminished ACTH response [84,85]. This may be due to adrenal cortical hypertrophy since depressed patients have enlarged adrenal glands on CT scanning [86] whilst suicide victims have heavier adrenal glands post-mortem [87].…”

Section: Neuroendocrine Aspects Of Cfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological aspects of the chronic fatigue syndrome

Bearn

Wessely

1994

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Section: Neuroendocrine Aspects Of Cfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological aspects of the chronic fatigue syndrome

Bearn

Wessely

1994

Eur J Clin Investigation

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“…Depending on the mode of investigation, HPA axis hyperactivity is disproportionately evident in patients with mood disorders (18)(19)(20) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent elevations of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor in adult nonhuman primates exposed to early-life stressors: implications for the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders.

Coplan

Andrews

Rosenblum

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

574

370

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There is increasing evidence for an important role of adverse early experience on the development of major psychiatric disorders in adulthood. Corticotropinreleasing factor (CRF), an endogenous neuropeptide, is the primary physiological regulator of the mammalian stress response. Grown nonhuman primates who were exposed as infants to adverse early rearing conditions were studied to determine if long-term alterations of CRF neuronal systems had occurred following the early stressor. In comparison to monkeys reared by mothers foraging under predictable conditions, infant monkeys raised by mothers foraging under unpredictable conditions exhibited persistently elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of CRF. Because hyperactivity of CRF-releasing neurons has been implicated in the pathophysiology of certain human affective and anxiety disorders, the present finding provides a potential neurobiological mechanism by which early-life stressors may contribute to adult psychopathology.Considerable evidence from genetic, neurochemical, pharmacological, and neuroanatomical studies obtained over the past three decades supports a biological basis for many of the major neuropsychiatric disorders (1). Prior to the modern era of biological psychiatry, psychoanalytic theory pioneered by Freud prevailed. Freud's theories emphasized the importance of early rearing conflicts in the pathogenesis of adult psychopathology (2). More recent studies indicate that psychosocial factors, including abuse and neglect in early life as well as untoward life events in adulthood, contribute to the development of mood and anxiety disorders (3, 4). An integration of biological and developmental approaches may illuminate further the role of adverse early life experience on subsequent neurodevelopment. Using random-assignment study designs, nonhuman primate models of psychopathology, produced by an unpredictable early rearing environment, provide for the experimental exclusion of genetic influences on development, a strategy rarely feasible in humans (5-9).The present study presents evidence for persistent hyperactivity of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-releasing neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of grown nonhuman primates who, as infants, were reared by mothers exposed to environmental unpredictability. A neurochemically based hypothesis is proposed whereby emotionally adverse early experiences may antecede psychiatric disorders through the induction of persistently elevated neuronal release of CRF.The CRF-containing parvocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) represent the cephalicThe publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which serves as the primary endocrine response of mammalian organisms to stress (10-12). Hypothalamic CRF release increases HPA axis activity by ...

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Section: Anxiety Effects Of Crfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…POMC is converted to melanocortin which is known to inhibit feeding behaviour and induce weight loss [47][48][49]. When an excess of POMC is produced the side effects mimic those observed in anorexia nervosa patients [47][48][49]. Observation of rats undergoing chronic exposure to CRF indicated the manifestation of several response adaptations including hyperexcitability, fear and other anxiogenic behaviours normally associated with anxiety [50][51][52].…”

Section: Anxiety Effects Of Crfmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the HPA Axis in Psychiatric Disorders and CRF Antagonists as Potential Treatments

Keller

McCluskey

Morgan

et al. 2006

Archiv der Pharmazie

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An overview of the links between the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and psychiatric disorders is presented. The current treatments are outlined, indicating that they are insufficient to meet the needs of those that suffer from these affective disorders. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the generation of new therapeutics, in particular, against new targets. The association of the corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and the HPA axis indicates that CRF antagonists should be beneficial as potential therapeutics.

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Human corticotropin-releasing hormone in depression—correlation with thyrotropin secretion following thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Cited by 120 publications

References 23 publications

Neurobiological aspects of the chronic fatigue syndrome

Neurobiological aspects of the chronic fatigue syndrome

Persistent elevations of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor in adult nonhuman primates exposed to early-life stressors: implications for the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders.

The Role of the HPA Axis in Psychiatric Disorders and CRF Antagonists as Potential Treatments

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