Human Cortical Motor Representation of the Larynx as Assessed by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Rödel, R.; Olthoff, Arno; Tergau, Frithjof; Simonyan, Kristina; Kraemer, Dorit; Markus, Holger; Kruse, E.

doi:10.1097/00005537-200405000-00026

Cited by 65 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite having to rely on patient reports, our data revealed 2 throat areas that correspond with prior stimulation and fMRI studies. 3,20 In addition to the ventral "swallow" area originally described by Foerster and Penfield, 6 we also observe a dorsal throat area, stimulation of which resulted in patients feeling unable to speak or breathe. By having patients perform both vocal 2, 3 The dorsolateral activation peak they report anterior/superior to the area for lip activation, appears to be the same dorsal throat area observed with stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Rodel et al were able to establish separable cortical representations of cricothyroid muscle (medially) and the vocalis muscle (laterally) by transcranial magnetic stimulation during electromyography. 20 Our recent intracranial ECoG study demonstrating the cortical gamma activity associated with each speech articulator during a syllable articulation task also found peaks in cortical gamma activity in both dorsal and ventral larynx areas. 1 Nearby, we observed a high probability of ECS-evoked vocalization, which appears to be centered in the same vicinity seen by Penfield.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A probabilistic map of the human ventral sensorimotor cortex using electrical stimulation

Breshears¹,

Molinaro

Chang

2015

JNS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

O ver 70 years ago, Penfield (1937) published his seminal work on the somatotopy of the human peri-rolandic cortex, fortifying the notion of the classic sensorimotor homunculus. Surprisingly, few additional investigations with direct electrocortical stimulation (ECS) have been undertaken to study the organization of the ventral half of the sensorimotor cortex (vSMC) in humans, where speech articulators and nearby language centers make this area unique. 1,4 Neuroanatomically, the vSMC is distinct from the dorsal sensorimotor cortex (dSMC). Its neurons project via the corticobulbar pathway to synapse in the brainstem motor nuclei, providing bilateral innervation to the muscles of the upper face, jaw, oropharynx, and vocal tract through cranial nerves (CNs) . diSclOSure Dr. Chang was funded by US National Institutes of Health grants R01-DC012379, R00-NS065120, and DP2-OD00862 and the Ester A. and Joseph Klingenstein Foundation. The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper.A probabilistic map of the human ventral sensorimotor cortex using electrical stimulation OBJect The human ventral sensorimotor cortex (vSMC) is involved in facial expression, mastication, and swallowing, as well as the dynamic and highly coordinated movements of human speech production. However, vSMC organization remains poorly understood, and previously published population-driven maps of its somatotopy do not accurately reflect the variability across individuals in a quantitative, probabilistic fashion. The goal of this study was to describe the responses to electrical stimulation of the vSMC, generate probabilistic maps of function in the vSMC, and quantify the variability across individuals. methOdS Photographic, video, and stereotactic MRI data of intraoperative electrical stimulation of the vSMC were collected for 33 patients undergoing awake craniotomy. Stimulation sites were converted to a 2D coordinate system based on anatomical landmarks. Motor, sensory, and speech stimulation responses were reviewed and classified. Probabilistic maps of stimulation responses were generated, and spatial variance was quantified. reSultS In 33 patients, the authors identified 194 motor, 212 sensory, 61 speech-arrest, and 27 mixed responses. Responses were complex, stereotyped, and mostly nonphysiological movements, involving hand, orofacial, and laryngeal musculature. Within individuals, the presence of oral movement representations varied; however, the dorsal-ventral order was always preserved. The most robust motor responses were jaw (probability 0.85), tongue (0.64), lips (0.58), and throat (0.52). Vocalizations were seen in 6 patients (0.18), more dorsally near lip and dorsal throat areas. Sensory responses were spatially dispersed; however, patients' subjective reports were highly precise in localization within the mouth. The most robust responses included tongue (0.82) and lips (0.42). The probability of speech arrest was 0.85, highest 15-20 mm anterior to t...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

A probabilistic map of the human ventral sensorimotor cortex using electrical stimulation

Breshears¹,

Molinaro

Chang

2015

JNS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For other respiratory symptoms, mainly apnoeic seizures, ictal records reveal epileptic activity in the same area as in our patient [2,3]. The cortical motor representation of the larynx has been outlined by transcranial magnetic stimulation [6]. Laryngeal seizures are thought to originate from lower motor homunculus and insular area, which would be supported by our EEG-findings.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

An unusual cause of stridor in childhood due to focal epileptic seizures

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also consistent are the short delay times (∼10 ms) from cortical stimulation to laryngeal muscular contraction in humans, which are comparable to those characterizing known monosynaptic motor targets like the tongue (Rödel et al 2003(Rödel et al , 2004.…”

Section: Wwwannualreviewsorg • the Biology And Evolution Of Speech 267supporting

confidence: 67%

The Biology and Evolution of Speech: A Comparative Analysis

Fitch

2018

Annu. Rev. Linguist.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

I analyze the biological underpinnings of human speech from a comparative perspective. By first identifying mechanisms that are evolutionarily derived relative to other primates, we obtain members of the faculty of language, derived components (FLD). Understanding when and why these evolved is central to understanding the evolution of speech. There is little evidence for human-specific mechanisms in auditory perception, and the hypothesis that speech perception is "special" is poorly supported by comparative data. Regarding speech production, human peripheral vocal anatomy includes several derived characteristics (permanently descended larynx, loss of air sacs), but their importance has been overestimated. In contrast, the central neural mechanisms underlying speech production involve crucial derived characteristics (direct monosynaptic connections from motor cortex to laryngeal motor neurons, derived intracortical dorsal circuitry between auditory and motor regions). Paleo-DNA from fossil hominins provides an exciting new opportunity to determine when these derived speech production mechanisms arose during evolution.

show abstract

Human Cortical Motor Representation of the Larynx as Assessed by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Abstract: Our observations point to two different cortical motor representation areas, with the cricothyroid muscle-related area being located more medially.

Cited by 65 publications

References 21 publications

A probabilistic map of the human ventral sensorimotor cortex using electrical stimulation

A probabilistic map of the human ventral sensorimotor cortex using electrical stimulation

An unusual cause of stridor in childhood due to focal epileptic seizures

The Biology and Evolution of Speech: A Comparative Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About