Human Conjunctiva Contains High Endothelial Venules That Express Lymphocyte Homing Receptors

Haynes, Richard; Tighe, Patrick J.; Scott, Robert A H; Dua, Harminder S.

doi:10.1006/exer.1999.0712

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…This was consistent with electron microscopy findings where HEVs were described as venules with an increased height of the endothelial cells surrounded by a basement membrane and a pericyte layer. 8 Also, the topographic distribution of CALT was consistent with that reported in histological studies, 6,7,26 with lymphoid structures mainly representing within the superior tarsal conjunctiva.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The presence of highly specialized vessels with tall endothelia (high endothelial venules [HEVs]) that are important for lymphocyte homing to the conjunctiva indicates the integration of CALT as an outpost of the central immune system. 8 Evidence from histological studies have led to the hypothesis that CALT is an active immunological interface responsible for detection of ocular surface antigens and is involved in initiating and regulating local ocular surface-related immune responses. 2,3,6,[9][10][11] In humans and in numerous studies conducted on rabbits, dogs, mice, and guinea pigs, CALT presented morphologic and functional features analogous to MALT described in other regions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Healthy Humans

Agnifili

Mastropasqua

Fasanella

et al. 2014

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Healthy Humans

Agnifili

Mastropasqua

Fasanella

et al. 2014

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Ocular lymphoid tissue has specialized vessels (HEV) (Knop & Knop, 1998b) for the regulated migration of lymphoid cells that show a typical ultrastructure (Knop & Knop, 1998a) and express adhesion molecules (Haynes et al. 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of eye‐associated lymphoid tissue in corneal immune protection

2005

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Because the cornea is optimized for refraction, it relies on supporting tissues for moistening and nutrition and in particular for immune protection. Its main support tissue is the conjunctiva, in addition to the lacrimal gland, the latter which provides soluble mediators via the tear film. The cornea and conjunctiva constitute a moist mucosal surface and there is increasing evidence that apart from innate defence mechanisms, also lymphoid cells contribute to the normal homeostasis of the corneal surface. A Medline-based literature search was performed in order to review the existing literature on the existence, composition and functions of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) at the ocular surface for corneal protection. The existence of lymphoid cells at the ocular surface and appendage has been known for many years, but for a long time they were believed erroneously to be inflammatory cells. More recent research has shown that in addition to the known presence of lymphoid cells in the lacrimal gland, they also form MALT in the conjunctiva as conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) and in the lacrimal drainage system as lacrimal drainage-associated lymphoid tissue (LDALT). Together this constitutes an eyeassociated lymphoid tissue (EALT), which is a new component of the mucosal immune system of the body. When the topographical distribution of CALT is projected onto the ocular surface, it overlies the cornea during eye closure and is hence in a suitable position to assist the corneal immune protection during blinking and overnight. It can detect corneal antigens and prime respective effector cells, or distribute protective factors as secretory IgA.

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“…Recently, high endothelial venules expressing lymphocyte homing receptors have also been demonstrated in normal human conjunctiva. 26 In a previous study, we were able to identify the presence of the CD8+/ HML-1+ lymphocytes in the conjunctival epithelium, lacrimal gland, and corneoscleral limbus in human cadaver eyes and in specimens of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia. 2 27 The ligand E-cadherin has also been demonstrated on conjunctival epithelial cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Ocular surface epithelium induces expression of human mucosal lymphocyte antigen (HML-1) on peripheral blood lymphocytes

Gomes

Dua

Rizzo³

et al. 2004

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Background/aims: Peripheral blood CD8+ lymphocytes that home to mucosal surfaces express the human mucosal lymphocyte antigen (HML-1). At mucosal surfaces, including the ocular surface, only intraepithelial CD8+ lymphocytes express HML-1. These lymphocytes are retained in the intraepithelial compartment by virtue of the interaction between HML-1 and its natural ligand, E-cadherin, which is expressed on epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ocular surface epithelial cells (ocular mucosa) could induce the expression of human mucosal lymphocyte antigen on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Methods: Human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells were co-cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes. Both non-activated and activated lymphocytes were used in the experiments. After 7 days of incubation, lymphocytes were recovered and analysed for the antigens CD8/HML-1, CD4/HML-1, CD3/ CD8, CD3/CD4, CD3/CD25, CD8/CD25, and CD4/CD25 by flowcytometry. Results: Significant statistical differences were observed in the CD8/HML-1 expression when conjunctival epithelial cells were co-cultured with non-activated and activated lymphocytes (p = 0.04 for each) and when corneal epithelial cells were co-cultured with non-activated lymphocytes (p = 0.03). Significant statistical difference in CD4/HML-1 expression was observed only when conjunctival epithelial cells were co-cultured with activated lymphocytes (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Ocular surface epithelial cells can induce the expression of human mucosal lymphocyte antigen on CD8+ (and to some extent on CD4+) lymphocytes. This may allow the retention of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes within the epithelial compartment of the conjunctiva and play a part in mucosal homing of lymphocytes.

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Human Conjunctiva Contains High Endothelial Venules That Express Lymphocyte Homing Receptors

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Healthy Humans

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Healthy Humans

The role of eye‐associated lymphoid tissue in corneal immune protection

Ocular surface epithelium induces expression of human mucosal lymphocyte antigen (HML-1) on peripheral blood lymphocytes

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