Human-computer interaction using eye-gaze input

Hutchinson, Tom; White, K. Preston; Martin, Worthy N.; Reichert, K.C.; Frey, L.A.

doi:10.1109/21.44068

Cited by 486 publications

(200 citation statements)

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“…Other popular systems are gaze estimators based on measuring the electro-oculographic potential or corneal reflections [20,32,46,[52][53][54]. The goal of introducing eye blink detection functionality in a camerabased system is to provide another point of computer access for those users who may not be capable of motor controls that some of the above methods demand and therefore must rely on a human interpreter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication via eye blinks and eyebrow raises: video-based human-computer interfaces

Grauman

Betke

Lombardi

et al. 2003

Universal Access in the Information Society

152

100

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Abstract. Two video-based human-computer interaction tools are introduced that can activate a binary switch and issue a selection command. "BlinkLink," as the first tool is called, automatically detects a user's eye blinks and accurately measures their durations. The system is intended to provide an alternate input modality to allow people with severe disabilities to access a computer. Voluntary long blinks trigger mouse clicks, while involuntary short blinks are ignored. The system enables communication using "blink patterns:" sequences of long and short blinks which are interpreted as semiotic messages. The second tool, "EyebrowClicker," automatically detects when a user raises his or her eyebrows and then triggers a mouse click. Both systems can initialize themselves, track the eyes at frame rate, and recover in the event of errors. No special lighting is required. The systems have been tested with interactive games and a spelling program. Results demonstrate overall detection accuracy of 95.6% for BlinkLink and 89.0% for EyebrowClicker.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication via eye blinks and eyebrow raises: video-based human-computer interfaces

Grauman

Betke

Lombardi

et al. 2003

Universal Access in the Information Society

152

100

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“…Another group of ATs tracks eye movements from corneal reflection and pupil position [5][6]. Electrooculographic potentials have also been used to detect eye movements [7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction and preliminary evaluation of the Tongue Drive System: Wireless tongue-operated assistive technology for people with little or no upper-limb function

Huo

Wang²,

Ghovanloo³

2008

JRRD

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Abstract-We have developed a wireless, noncontact, unobtrusive, tongue-operated assistive technology called the Tongue Drive System (TDS). The TDS provides people with minimal or no movement ability in their upper limbs with an efficacious tool for computer access and environmental control. A small permanent magnet secured on the tongue by implantation, piercing, or tissue adhesives is used as a tracer, the movement of which is detected by an array of magnetic field sensors mounted on a headset outside the mouth or on an orthodontic brace inside. The sensor output signals are wirelessly transmitted to an ultraportable computer carried on the user's clothing or wheelchair and are processed to extract the user's commands. The user can then use these commands to access a desktop computer, control a power wheelchair, or interact with his or her environment. To conduct human experiments, we developed on a face shield a prototype TDS with six direct commands and tested it on six nondisabled male subjects. Laboratory-based experimental results show that the TDS response time for >90% correctly completed commands is about 1 s, yielding an information transfer rate of ~120 bits/min.

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“…• PCCR Vector [17], [20,21,22]: in this method, the vector between the pupil center and the first Purkinje image (PCCR vector) is used as the only element to compute the line of sight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markerless monocular tracking system for guided external eye surgery

Monserrat

Rupérez

Alcañíz

et al. 2014

Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics

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ElsevierMonserrat Aranda, C.; Rupérez Moreno, MJ.; Alcañiz Raya, ML.; Mataix, J. (2014 AbstractThis paper presents a novel markerless monocular tracking system aimed at guiding ophthalmologists during external eye surgery. This new tracking system performs a very accurate tracking of the eye by detecting invariant points using only textures that are present in the sclera, i.e., without using traditional features like the pupil and/or cornea reflections, which remain partially or totally occluded in most surgeries. Two known algorithms that compute invariant points and correspondences between pairs of images were implemented in our system: Scalable Invariant Feature Transforms (SIFT) and Speed Up Robust Features (SURF). The results of experiments performed on phantom eyes show that, with either algorithm, the developed system tracks a sphere at a 360 o rotation angle with an error that is lower than 0.5%. Some experiments have also been carried out on images of real eyes showing promising behavior of the system in the presence of blood or surgical instruments during real eye surgery.

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Human-computer interaction using eye-gaze input

Cited by 486 publications

References 0 publications

Communication via eye blinks and eyebrow raises: video-based human-computer interfaces

Communication via eye blinks and eyebrow raises: video-based human-computer interfaces

Introduction and preliminary evaluation of the Tongue Drive System: Wireless tongue-operated assistive technology for people with little or no upper-limb function

Markerless monocular tracking system for guided external eye surgery

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