Human Colon Microbiota and Mucosal Immune System

Abstract

Number of microorganisms located in our microbiota is estimated to be about 10 times more than the host cells. Microbiota is located mostly in the gastrointestinal tract and it consists of a high number of mutualistic and commensal microorganisms. Microorganisms in this tract have a particular prominent localization in terminal ileum and colon. Colon microbiota is considered the most important component of the human mucosal immune system. Mucosal immune system also participates in immune defense of eyes, nasal mucosa, genitourinary and respiratory system. Composition, organization and concentration of colon microbiota are thought to be directly connected with pathogenesis of diseases such as Crohn’s disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Coeliac disease, food allergies and colon cancer. In this article we will discuss about the general characteristics of human colon microbiota and its relationship with etiopathology diseases. The importance of its role in the pathogenesis of diseases and contributions to immune system has recently begun to be understood. Further researches will guide us to understand the etiopathology of these diseases much better and lead us to reveal more effective outcomes