Human Cognition Assessment in Drug Research

Riedel, Wim J.; Mehta, Mitul A.; Unema, Pieter

doi:10.2174/138161206777698882

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) measures many different psychomotor and cognitive functions at the same time (Riedel et al 2006). A computerized version of the original paper-and-pencil test (McLeod et al 1982) taken from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale is used (e.g., Leufkens et al 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol calibration of tests measuring skills related to car driving

et al. 2014

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RationaleMedication and illicit drugs can have detrimental side effects which impair driving performance. A drug’s impairing potential should be determined by well-validated, reliable, and sensitive tests and ideally be calibrated by benchmark drugs and doses. To date, no consensus has been reached on the issue of which psychometric tests are best suited for initial screening of a drug’s driving impairment potential.ObjectiveThe aim of this alcohol calibration study is to determine which performance tests are useful to measure drug-induced impairment. The effects of alcohol are used to compare the psychometric quality between tests and as benchmark to quantify performance changes in each test associated with potentially impairing drug effects.MethodsTwenty-four healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind, four-way crossover study. Treatments were placebo and three different doses of alcohol leading to blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 g/L.ResultsMain effects of alcohol were found in most tests. Compared with placebo, performance in the Divided Attention Test (DAT) was significantly impaired after all alcohol doses and performance in the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) and the Balance Test was impaired with a BAC of 0.5 and 0.8 g/L. The largest effect sizes were found on postural balance with eyes open and mean reaction time in the divided attention and the psychomotor vigilance test.ConclusionsThe preferable tests for initial screening are the DAT and the PVT, as these tests were most sensitive to the impairing effects of alcohol and being considerably valid in assessing potential driving impairment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol calibration of tests measuring skills related to car driving

et al. 2014

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“…The latencies to the peak of the potentials are typically regarded as the time at which subprocesses occur after stimulus presentation. The P300 component is a central component and is thought to be associated with evaluation of a stimulus just before a decision takes place (Riedel et al. , 2006; Polich, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histamine H₁ receptor blockade predominantly impairs sensory processes in human sensorimotor performance

Ruitenbeek

Vermeeren

Smulders

et al. 2009

British J Pharmacology

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Background and purpose: Centrally active antihistamines impair cognitive performance, particularly sensorimotor performance. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the scarcely studied subprocesses involved in sensorimotor performance, which may be affected by H1 receptor blockade. Better knowledge about the cognitive deficits associated with histamine dysfunction can contribute to better treatment of clinical disorders in which histamine hypofunction may be a contributing factor, such as in schizophrenia. Experimental approach: Interactions of dexchlorpheniramine with specific task manipulations in a choice reaction time task were studied. Task demands were increased at the level of sensory subprocesses by decreasing stimulus quality, and at the level of motor subprocesses by increasing response complexity. A total of 18 healthy volunteers (9 female) aged between 18 and 45 years participated in a three-way, double-blind, crossover design. Treatments were single oral doses of 4 mg dexchlorpheniramine, 1 mg lorazepam and placebo. Behavioural effects were assessed by measuring reaction times and effects on brain activity by event-related potentials. Key results: Dexchlorpheniramine significantly slowed reaction times, but did not significantly interact with task manipulations. However, it did significantly interact with stimulus quality, as measured by event-related potentials. Lorazepam slowed reaction times and interacted with perceptual manipulations, as shown by effects on reaction times. Conclusions and implications:The results confirm that the histamine system is involved in sensory information processing and show that H1 blockade does not affect motoric information processing. Histamine hypofunction in clinical disorders may cause impaired sensory processing, which may be a drug target.

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“…The time interval between a peak and a stimulus or response is indicative of the duration of processes occurring during that interval. For example, the duration of the interval between a stimulus and the P300 peak latency is indicative of the duration of sensory processes (Riedel et al. , 2006; Polich, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of L‐histidine depletion and L‐tyrosine/L‐phenylalanine depletion on sensory and motor processes in healthy volunteers

Ruitenbeek

Sambeth

Vermeeren

et al. 2009

British J Pharmacology

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Background and purpose:Animal studies show that histamine plays a role in cognitive functioning and that histamine H3-receptor antagonists, which increase histaminergic function through presynaptic receptors, improve cognitive performance in models of clinical cognitive deficits. In order to test such new drugs in humans, a model for cognitive impairments induced by low histaminergic functions would be useful. Studies with histamine H1-receptor antagonists have shown limitations as a model. Here we evaluated whether depletion of L-histidine, the precursor of histamine, was effective in altering measures associated with histamine in humans and the behavioural and electrophysiological (event-related-potentials) effects. Experimental approach: Seventeen healthy volunteers completed a three-way, double-blind, crossover study with L-histidine depletion, L-tyrosine/L-phenylalanine depletion (active control) and placebo as treatments. Interactions with task manipulations in a choice reaction time task were studied. Task demands were increased using visual stimulus degradation and increased response complexity. In addition, subjective and objective measures of sedation and critical tracking task performance were assessed. Key results: Measures of sedation and critical tracking task performance were not affected by treatment. L-histidine depletion was effective and enlarged the effect of response complexity as measured with the response-locked lateralized readiness potential onset latency. Conclusions and implications: L-histidine depletion affected response-but not stimulus-related processes, in contrast to the effects of H1-receptor antagonists which were previously found to affect primarily stimulus-related processes. L-histidine depletion is promising as a model for histamine-based cognitive impairment. However, these effects need to be confirmed by further studies.

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Human Cognition Assessment in Drug Research

Cited by 20 publications

References 72 publications

Alcohol calibration of tests measuring skills related to car driving

Alcohol calibration of tests measuring skills related to car driving

Histamine H₁ receptor blockade predominantly impairs sensory processes in human sensorimotor performance

Effects of L‐histidine depletion and L‐tyrosine/L‐phenylalanine depletion on sensory and motor processes in healthy volunteers

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Human Cognition Assessment in Drug Research

Cited by 20 publications

References 72 publications

Alcohol calibration of tests measuring skills related to car driving

Alcohol calibration of tests measuring skills related to car driving

Histamine H1 receptor blockade predominantly impairs sensory processes in human sensorimotor performance

Effects of L‐histidine depletion and L‐tyrosine/L‐phenylalanine depletion on sensory and motor processes in healthy volunteers

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Histamine H₁ receptor blockade predominantly impairs sensory processes in human sensorimotor performance