Human chorionic gonadotropin testing for early pregnancy viability and complications

Development of Isotopic and Non‐Isotopic Microwell Based Immunoassays for hCG Using125I and Biotin Labeled hCG

“…[20] It was reported that, in the 5th week of normal or abnormal pregnancy, the serum hCG level varies from 0.33 IU/mL to 37.3 IU/mL. [21,22] Thus, the developed immunoassays are quite sensitive for detection of the serum levels of hCG in early stages of gestation.…”

Pregnancy tests with end-stage renal disease

“…Serum β-HCG should double or increase by at least two thirds within 48 hours with a normal pregnancy; serum β-HCG concentration doubles approximately every two days early in the pregnancy [14,15]. In early pregnancy, β-HCG serum levels can still be low, with levels ranging from 11 to 3,476 IU/L at the fourth week after the last menses [16].…”

The rate at which serum total β-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin increases after embryo transfer is a predictor of the viability of pregnancy and an identifier of determinants of pregnancy

“…Those studies that have claimed consistency in ␤-t2 (9, 10) were based on low numbers of observations and have coincidentally not established differences in ␤-t2 between groups of patients of differing outcomes. Larger studies that have indicated increasing ␤-t2 during early pregnancy (7,8,11) have supported its predictive value for outcome.…”

“…Those studies that have claimed consistency in ␤-t2 (9, 10) were based on low numbers of observations and have coincidentally not established differences in ␤-t2 between groups of patients of differing outcomes. Larger studies that have indicated increasing ␤-t2 during early pregnancy (7,8,11) have supported its predictive value for outcome.The present study aims to establish normal ranges for the ␤-t2 in serum for each day during the first month of pregnancy in patients undergoing IVF, and to then compare early ␤-t2 values between groups of patients with different pregnancy outcomes. Determinants of the early ␤-t2 are then analyzed to establish which (if any) might also be manipulatable determinants of the likelihood of ongoing pregnancy.…”