Human Cervical Mucus. IV. Viscoelasticity and Sperm Penetrability During the Ovulatory Menstrual Cycle

Wolf, Don P.; Blasco, Luis; Khan, Mohammad A.; Litt, Mitchell

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)43454-0

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The rheological properties of cervical mucus vary during the menstrual cycle, and measured "sperm penetrability" peaks during the ovulatory phase when the viscosity of the mucus is at a minimum. 25,82,83 This is consistent with our result ‫ץ‬U / ‫ץ‬ p Ͻ 0, easily inferred from Eq. ͑47͒.…”

Section: Discussion and Implications For Biological Transportsupporting

confidence: 89%

Propulsion in a viscoelastic fluid

Lauga¹

2007

Physics of Fluids

303

351

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Flagella beating in complex fluids are significantly influenced by viscoelastic stresses. Relevant examples include the ciliary transport of respiratory airway mucus and the motion of spermatozoa in the mucus-filled female reproductive tract. We consider the simplest model of such propulsion and transport in a complex fluid, a waving sheet of small amplitude free to move in a polymeric fluid with a single relaxation time. We show that, compared to self-propulsion in a Newtonian fluid occurring at a velocity U_N, the sheet swims (or transports fluid) with velocity U / U_N = [1+De^2 (eta_s)/(eta) ]/[1+De^2], where eta_s is the viscosity of the Newtonian solvent, eta is the zero-shear-rate viscosity of the polymeric fluid, and De is the Deborah number for the wave motion, product of the wave frequency by the fluid relaxation time. Similar expressions are derived for the rate of work of the sheet and the mechanical efficiency of the motion. These results are shown to be independent of the particular nonlinear constitutive equations chosen for the fluid, and are valid for both waves of tangential and normal motion. The generalization to more than one relaxation time is also provided. In stark contrast with the Newtonian case, these calculations suggest that transport and locomotion in a non-Newtonian fluid can be conveniently tuned without having to modify the waving gait of the sheet but instead by passively modulating the material properties of the liquid.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figur

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Section: Discussion and Implications For Biological Transportsupporting

confidence: 89%

Propulsion in a viscoelastic fluid

Lauga¹

2007

Physics of Fluids

303

351

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“…95 Mucus production varies with hormonal changes, with higher rate 96 occurring during the ovulatory phase. Mucus production rate decreases 97 to approximately 50% and 30% during the follicular and luteal phases, 98 respectively [2]. 99 Even the characteristics of cervical mucus are variable according can also affect sodium and chloride concentration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucoadhesive and thermogelling systems for vaginal drug delivery

Caramella

Rossi

Ferrari

et al. 2015

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

208

148

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“…Cer vi cal mu cus can be ob ta i ned in mi nu te amo unts and be af fec ted by many dif fe rent factors. 6,8,9 The re was not any ca se that we fa i led to ob ta in or to as sess cer vi cal mu cus. Ho we ver, we think that rhe o lo gic pro per ti es of cer vi cal mu cus is al so im por tant for the dif fe ren ces in an ti mic ro bi al ac ti vity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…7,8 Alt ho ugh the re are so me stu di es in the FI GU RE 1: The up per disk has a ha lo zo ne (is an ti mic ro bi al ac ti vity po si ti ve cer vi cal mu cus) The lo wer disk has no ha lo zo ne (is an ti mic ro bi al ac ti vity nega ti ve cer vi cal mu cus).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Exploring the Antimicrobial Effects of Cervical Mucus in Pregnants and Its Relationship with the Course of Pregnancy

Gül¹,

Tuncer²,

Berktaş³

2010

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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A AB BS S TTR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : To in ves ti ga te whet her the cer vi cal mu cus in preg nants has an ti mic ro bi al activity in vit ro and to de ter mi ne its re la ti ons hip with prog no sis of preg nancy. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : Cervi cal mu cus samp les we re col lec ted from 50 wo men with sing le preg nancy du ring the first tri mes ter. Ste ri li zed Wart man pa pers we re so a ked in to mu cus samp les and dri ed un der ste ri le con di ti ons. Cul turing was per for med by disk dif fu si on met hod which uses Mil ler Hin ton me di um and Mac-Far land 0.5 so lu ti on pre pa red with Staph ylo coc cus au re us, Esc he ric hi a co li, Kleb si el la pne u mo ni a and Can di da albi cans. Po si ti ve or ne ga ti ve zo nes we re de ter mi ned by me a su ring the di a me ters of in hi bi ti on zo nes occur red fol lo wing 18 ho urs in cu ba ti on pe ri od. Prog no sis of preg nants with or wit ho ut an ti mic ro bi al ef fect of cer vi cal mu cus we re com pa red. R Re e s su ul lt ts s: : In 28 ca ses, it was de mons tra ted that cer vi cal mu cus had an ti mic ro bi al ef fects. Du ring the fol low-up pe ri od of 27 preg nants, 22 (81.5%) ga ve vi ab le birth in term, 3 (11.1%) had abor tus, and 1 (3.7%) had early mem bra ne rup tu re at 36th we ek of ges ta ti on. In 22 ca ses, cer vi cal mu cus sho wed no an ti mic ro bi al ef fect. 20 of the se fol lo wed-up and 14 (70.0%) parti ci pants ga ve vi ab le birth at term, 3 (15.0%) had abor tus, and 2 (10.0%) had pre term de li very. The re was no sta tis ti cally sig ni fi cant dif fe ren ce bet we en the two gro ups in terms of preg nancy prog no sis. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : Cer vi cal mu cus pre vents in fec ti ons from va gi na to up per ge ni tal or gans not only mec hani cally but al so by func ti o ning as a che mi cal bar ri er. In our study, it is es tab lis hed that presence or absence an ti mic ro bi al ef fect of mu cus do es not ha ve a sig ni fi cant im pact on the prog no sis of preg nancy. We think that stu di es with gre a ter num ber of par ti ci pants may gi ve dif fe rent re sults. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Cer vix mu cus; preg nancy out co me; an ti-in fec ti ve agents; sec re tory le u kocy te pep ti da se in hi bi tor Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : İn vit ro ola rak ge be ler de ki ser vi kal mu ku sun an ti mik ro bi yal ak ti vi te ye sa hip olup, olma dı ğı nı araş tır mak ve ge be lik prog no zu ile olan iliş ki si ni sap ta mak. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Elli adet tekiz ilk tri mes tır ge be den ser vi kal mu kus alın dı. Mu kus lar steri li ze Wart man ka ğıt la rın dan ha zır lan mış disk le re em di ril di ve ste ril şart lar da ku ru tul du. Staph ylo coc cus au re us, Esc he ric hi a co li, Kleb si el la pne u mo ni a ve Can di da al bi cans'la ha zır lan mış Mac-Far land 0.5 so lus yon la rı, Mil ler Hin ton be si yerle ri kul la nı la rak disk dif füz yon yön te mi ile ekim ya pıl dı. On sekiz sa at lik in kü bas yon pe ri y...

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Human Cervical Mucus. IV. Viscoelasticity and Sperm Penetrability During the Ovulatory Menstrual Cycle

Cited by 74 publications

References 16 publications

Propulsion in a viscoelastic fluid

Propulsion in a viscoelastic fluid

Mucoadhesive and thermogelling systems for vaginal drug delivery

Exploring the Antimicrobial Effects of Cervical Mucus in Pregnants and Its Relationship with the Course of Pregnancy

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