Human-Centered Design of Decision-Support Systems

Integrated management of airport surface and airspace constraints for departures: An operational sequence

“…There are important considerations regarding the necessary functionality and interface designs to support this DDR process. This includes issues regarding the integration of these new displays into the broader set of tools and displays that must also be used by these individuals, as well as other aspects of effective display design [7,8,12]. One important open question (explored in [15]) is how to provide a sufficiently rich language to allow dispatchers to communicate a list of pre-coordinated routes in the TOS, as well as to indicate associated constraints, their relative priorities, and how these change with time.…”

“…In the operational sequence described above, the 2.A.1-13 responsible TMs must determine whether arrivals already enroute should be rerouted or whether they should be allowed to land using their planned approach before AKUNA and BANDY are opened for departures. There are many approaches described in the literature that provide useful insights into supporting such decision making under uncertainty [7,8,10,11,12].…”

“…• The use of airport surface surveillance data to focus attention on the status of aircraft on the airport surface and to support the integrated management of airport surface and airspace constraints, or Integrated Surface Management (ISM) [5,6]. This paper also highlights important human factors considerations in defining information access, information display, decision support, and digital communication functions necessary to effectively achieve this integration, drawing on guidelines found in the literature [7][8][9][10]. The paper then identifies additional human factors considerations and research issues that need to be explored as part of efforts to successfully implement these operational concepts, 2.A.1-2 drawing on the distributed work system design literature [11][12][13][14].…”

Conceptual Frameworks to Guide Design

“…The software is designed as an interactive critiquing system (Guerlain et al, 1996, 1999; Smith et al, 2012) that unobtrusively monitors intermediate steps taken by the human during the process of arriving at a diagnosis and provides immediate, context-sensitive feedback as soon as it detects a difference between the human’s steps and the steps prescribed by its expert model. The software also makes use of metaknowledge to detect scenarios that appear to challenge its level of competence and cautions the user when it detects such cases.…”

Identifying Support Requirements for Airport Departure Management

“…However, scheduling for dynamic conditions is challenging. Such algorithms currently used in air traffic management rely on human traffic managers to set and update capacity parameters (Smith, et al, 2012). Human traffic managers have strategies for managing dynamic constraints such as distributed cooperative contingency planning (Smith, Beatty, Spencer, & Billings, 2003).…”