Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence: Three Fresh Ideas

Abstract

Human-Centered AI (HCAI) is a promising direction for designing AI systems that support human self-efficacy, promote creativity, clarify responsibility, and facilitate social participation. These human aspirations also encourage consideration of privacy, security, environmental protection, social justice, and human rights. This commentary reverses the current emphasis on algorithms and AI methods, by putting humans at the center of systems design thinking, in effect, a second Copernican Revolution. It offers three ideas: (1) a two-dimensional HCAI framework, which shows how it is possible to have both high levels of human control AND high levels of automation, (2) a shift from emulating humans to empowering people with a plea to shift language, imagery, and metaphors away from portrayals of intelligent autonomous teammates towards descriptions of powerful tool-like appliances and tele-operated devices, and (3) a three-level governance structure that describes how software engineering teams can develop more reliable systems, how managers can emphasize a safety culture across an organization, and how industry-wide certification can promote trustworthy HCAI systems. These ideas will be challenged by some, refined by others, extended to accommodate new technologies, and validated with quantitative and qualitative research. They offer a reframe-a chance to restart design discussions for products and services-which could bring greater benefits to individuals, families, communities, businesses, and society.

Reinvigorating the Discourse on Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence in Educational Technologies

“…Furthermore, HCAI "is designed with a clear purpose for human benefit while being transparent about who has control over the data and algorithms" (Schmidt, 2020). Shneiderman (2020) reframed AI as using algorithms to create systems with humans at the centre, thereby framing HCAI with great profundity as our contemporary version of a second Copernican revolution.…”

“…André Renz, Gergana Vladova Figure 2. The transformative power of HCAI (Shneiderman, 2020) Another solution that mitigates these challenges has been to follow a "design-for-values" methodological approach. This approach aims at making moral values part of technological design and development (Dignum, 2019).…”

“…This section describes the model that was developed from two theoretical perspectives. The two perspectives refer to how HCAI can be interpreted: "AI under human control" (Shneiderman, 2020) and "AI under human conditions" (Stanford HAI, 2020). AI under human control is subject to judgment based on the degree of human control over AI.…”

“…André Renz,Gergana Vladova Figure 4. AI applications in education in the HCAI teaming model teaming characteristics with HCAI perspectives (Shneiderman, 2020;Stanford, 2020). Our model could help to structure and address relevant aspects of the HCAI approach according to AIED applications.…”

Trusted Partners: Human-Machine Teaming and the Future of Military AI

“…Such feedback is also instrumental to what some have referred to as a human-centric approach to AI development which seeks to integrate the needs, perceptions, and behaviors of the user into the design of AI systems. 79 That said, technological solutions alone cannot solve the trust problem in human-machine teams.…”